Persistent Organochlorine Pesticide Exposure Related to a Formerly Used Defense Site on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska: Data from Sentinel Fish and Human Sera

Byrne, Samuel; Miller, Pamela; Waghiyi, Viola; Buck, C. Loren; Hippel, Frank von; Carpenter, David O.

doi:10.1080/15287394.2015.1037412

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Various authors have tested the toxicity of different OCCs on different fish models [29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Figure 3 (Reprinted from [36]) shows the comparison of concentrations of different organochlorine pesticide residues in wet and fat weight of Catfish.…”

Section: Toxicity Among Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Effects of Organochlorine Pesticides: A Review

Singh¹

2016

AJBIO

100

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This study is aimed at compiling the toxicological aspects of organochlorine compounds (OCCs) including pesticides among different animal models. Tests on animal species like Mean Probable Effect Concentration Quotient (PEC-Q) test, DNA repair assays and histopathological examinations have shown positive results for the toxicity of organochlorine pesticides. The results were observed on different animals including fishes, furseals, frogs, rats, bats and humans. In fishes, endosulfan is found to have acute toxicities. Similarly, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroids and microbial insecticides were also found to show their toxic effects. Some compounds such as lambda-cyhalothrin showed a very high toxicity on fish followed by fenvalerate, deltamethrin and cypermethrin. Exposure to OCCs can impart foe cell death by inducing Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Pathway (MAPK) which is associated with cell growth differentiation and apoptosis. On studying the genotoxic effects of OCCs on germ cells of mouse, it was observed that a lethal mutation can occur just after one mating interval. Increase in the number of micronucleated cells has also been seen after OCC exposure. Neuro-behavioural studies on rats showed the presence of tremors caused by chlordecone and p,p'DDT. Tumorigenicity by organochlorine pesticides is seen to be an epigenetic mechanism in a DNA repair assay. Acute poisoning was seen in liver, kidney and testis of albino rat due to the toxic effect of dursban and DDT. Great declines in populations have been seen due to OCC toxicity in different animal species. Direct and indirect exposure to these compounds should be reduced so as to minimize the possible health hazards.

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Section: Toxicity Among Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Effects of Organochlorine Pesticides: A Review

Singh¹

2016

AJBIO

100

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“…Persistent organic pollutants (POP) are organic chemical substances and environmental pollutants that accumulate in adipose tissue, liver, brain, and pancreatic tissue and biomagnify in food chains, as well as being resistant to natural degradation processes (Byrne et al 2015;Elabbas et al 2014;Pestana et al 2014;Porta 2006;Schafer and Kegley 2002). Various POP with documented endocrine-disrupting properties have, in the last 10 years, been suggested as potential contributors to the growing obesity pandemic (Decherf and Demeneix 2011;Dirinck et al 2011;Grun and Blumberg 2009;Hatch et al 2010;McAllister et al 2009;Newbold et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased blood levels of persistent organic pollutants (POP) in obese individuals after weight loss—A review

Jansen

Lyche

Polder

et al. 2017

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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Lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POP) are stored in adipose tissue. Following rapid weight loss such as when induced by bariatric surgery, an increased release of potential harmful lipophilic compounds into the blood circulation may occur. Weight reduction is recommended for overweight and obese individuals in order to decrease risk of weight-related health problems. However, in cases of significant weight reduction POP become mobilized chemicals and consequently may adversely affect health, including endocrine disruption. The objective of the present investigation was to estimate quantitatively the level of mobilization of POP following weight loss over time. According to literature search criteria, 17 studies were identified with 2061 participants. Data from 5 of the studies with 270 participants were used to assess the change in blood levels of POP in percent per kilogram weight loss. Weight loss in the included studies varied from 4.4 to 64.8 kg. In all studies, the majority of POP concentrations in blood were found to rise following weight reduction. Blood concentrations following weight reduction were elevated by 2-4% per kilogram weight loss for most POP examined. The increased POP levels were still elevated 12 mo after intervention. Most research in this field, including animal studies, is carried out on a single compound or group of selected compounds, not taking the "cocktail effect" into consideration. This does not reflect the true range of POP to which humans are actually exposed. Few chronic investigations have been published and, in particular, few studies were available that compared the increase in POP concentrations with clinical consequences as individuals lost weight. These limitations call for caution in interpreting results. The benefits of losing weight still far outweigh the potential adverse health risks. However, further studies are recommended to determine the clinical significance of increased blood levels of POPs following rapid and excessive weight loss, particularly for women attending weight reduction treatment before pregnancy.

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“…Using guidelines for public health surveillance attributes set by the ECDC, the CDC, and other relevant literature, ten attributes of integrated surveillance systems in the Arctic and Subarctic regions were identified within the included articles: acceptability (48%; e.g., [66,90,91]), data quality (48%; e.g., [86,92,93]), stability (47%; e.g., [94,95,96]), reliability (39%; e.g., [75,81,88]), relevance (38%; e.g., [89,97,98]), representativeness (36%; e.g., [74,99,100]), timeliness (34%; e.g., [89,91,101]), scalability (28%; e.g., [76,102,103]), flexibility (21%; e.g., [104,105,106]), and simplicity (12%; e.g., [58,73,90]) (Appendix C, Table A2). Surveillance attributes described and/or recommended in the literature were related to the purpose and intended uses of integrated surveillance systems and data, as well as to each system’s operational context.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some articles described how existing environment and/or health surveillance systems or data were relatively inexpensive components that helped to efficiently establish the baseline health status of a population (e.g., [69,93,123,124,131,132]). From these baselines, public health priorities could be identified that were representative of that population (e.g., [90,113,121]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responding to Climate and Environmental Change Impacts on Human Health via Integrated Surveillance in the Circumpolar North: A Systematic Realist Review

Sawatzky

Cunsolo

Jones‐Bitton

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Environments are shifting rapidly in the Circumpolar Arctic and Subarctic regions as a result of climate change and other external stressors, and this has a substantial impact on the health of northern populations. Thus, there is a need for integrated surveillance systems designed to monitor the impacts of climate change on human health outcomes as part of broader adaptation strategies in these regions. This review aimed to identify, describe, and synthesize literature on integrated surveillance systems in Circumpolar Arctic and Subarctic regions, that are used for research or practice. Following a systematic realist review approach, relevant articles were identified using search strings developed for MEDLINE® and Web of Science™ databases, and screened by two independent reviewers. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were retained for descriptive quantitative analysis, as well as thematic qualitative analysis, using a realist lens. Of the 3431 articles retrieved in the database searches, 85 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Thematic analysis identified components of integrated surveillance systems that were categorized into three main groups: structural, processual, and relational components. These components were linked to surveillance attributes and activities that supported the operations and management of integrated surveillance. This review advances understandings of the distinct contributions of integrated surveillance systems and data to discerning the nature of changes in climate and environmental conditions that affect population health outcomes and determinants in the Circumpolar North. Findings from this review can be used to inform the planning, design, and evaluation of integrated surveillance systems that support evidence-based public health research and practice in the context of increasing climate change and the need for adaptation.

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Persistent Organochlorine Pesticide Exposure Related to a Formerly Used Defense Site on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska: Data from Sentinel Fish and Human Sera

Cited by 43 publications

References 48 publications

Toxic Effects of Organochlorine Pesticides: A Review

Toxic Effects of Organochlorine Pesticides: A Review

Increased blood levels of persistent organic pollutants (POP) in obese individuals after weight loss—A review

Responding to Climate and Environmental Change Impacts on Human Health via Integrated Surveillance in the Circumpolar North: A Systematic Realist Review

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