Persistent sub-lethal chlorine exposure augments temperature induced immunosuppression in Cyprinus carpio advanced fingerlings

Effect of temperature on immune response of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to inactivated lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV)

“…This was contrary to the observation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), where a higher proliferation of PBL, SL and a stronger activation of lymphocytes were found after immunization with Aeromonas salmonicida at the higher temperature [26]. Nevertheless, Similar to our observations, the leucocyte numbers in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) have been found to decrease as a result of higher temperatures [27], and the fraction of lymphocytes in blood was found to be lower in hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis) reared at elevated temperatures [28]. It is possible that the difference in results among various species is partially due to differences in thermal adaptation ability towards increased water temperatures tested.…”

The immune and stress responses of Atlantic cod to long-term increases in water temperature

“…For example, RB increased with acclimation temperature (5e20 C) in rainbow trout [21]. Verma et al [52] report decreased RB in carp fingerlings warmed from their acclimation temperature (26 C) to 31, 33 and 36 C and held at these new temperatures for 4 weeks. Finally, Nadong et al [22] showed that RB decreased when 27 C acclimated Nile tilapia were exposed to 31 and 35 C over 24 and 96 h, respectively.…”

Modulation of the immune system of fish by their environment

“…T-cell proliferation was unaffected by any temperature change. A report from India on temperature effects on leucocyte numbers and respiratory burst activity in carp (Cyprinus carpio) showed that leucocyte number fell significantly as the temperature increased from 26 C to 36 C as did the respiratory burst activity [32]. A study of respiratory burst activity in rainbow trout found a temperature dependent increase in activity in animals maintained at temperatures between 5 and 20 C [22].…”