Personal PM2.5 exposure and markers of oxidative stress in blood.

Abstract

Ambient particulate air pollution assessed as outdoor concentrations of particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 micro m in diameter (PM(2.5)) in urban background has been associated with cardiovascular diseases at the population level. However, the significance of individual exposure and the involved mechanisms remain uncertain. We measured personal PM(2.5) and carbon black exposure in 50 students four times in 1 year and analyzed blood samples for markers of protein and lipid oxidation, for red blood cell (RBC) and platelet counts, and for concentrations of hemoglobin and fibrinogen. We analyzed protein oxidation in terms of gamma-glutamyl semialdehyde in hemoglobin (HBGGS) and 2-aminoadipic semialdehyde in hemoglobin (HBAAS) and plasma proteins (PLAAS), and lipid peroxidation was measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma. Median exposures were 16.1 micro g/m(3) for personal PM(2.5) exposure, 9.2 micro g/m(3) for background PM(2.5) concentration, and 8.1 X 10(-6)/m for personal carbon black exposure. Personal carbon black exposure and PLAAS concentration were positively associated (p < 0.01), whereas an association between personal PM(2.5) exposure and PLAAS was only of borderline significance (p = 0.061). A 3.7% increase in MDA concentrations per 10 micro g/m(3) increase in personal PM(2.5) exposure was found for women (p < 0.05), whereas there was no significant relationship for the men. Similarly, positive associations between personal PM(2.5)exposure and both RBC and hemoglobin concentrations were found only in women (p < 0.01). There were no significant relationships between background PM(2.5) concentration and any of the biomarkers. This suggests that exposure to particles in moderate concentrations can induce oxidative stress and increase RBCs in peripheral blood. Personal exposure appears more closely related to these biomarkers potentially related to cardiovascular disease than is ambient PM(2.5) background concentrations.

Exhaled breath malondialdehyde as a marker of effect of exposure to air pollution in children with asthma

“…Previous studies conducted in adults exposed in occupational 6 settings or to ambient particulate have suggested that malondialdehyde may be a good indicator of the oxidative potential of air pollutants. 25 Higher malondialdehyde levels has been observed in the serum of women exposed to high levels of particulate matter related to burning biomass fuel. 26 Malondialdehyde in the plasma of cement plant workers was negatively correlated with FEV 1 and erythrocyte reduced glutathione.…”

Relative Contributions of PM2.5Chemical Constituents to Acute Arterial Vasoconstriction in Humans

“…This response was found with the particle's organic fraction, and particularly for the particle types that were higher in polyaromatic hydrocarbons, of which PM 2.5 had more than PM 10 . Serensen et al (2003) examined blood markers of oxidative stress in a panel of students and demonstrated an association between elevated plasma oxidative stress and carbon black, a surrogate for elemental carbon. Elevated oxidative stress has also been observed in animal lungs and heart.…”

Cardiovascular effects of air pollution

“…Regarding pathway 2, pulmonary oxidative stress may be responsible for instigating the systemic CV pro-oxidative [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] and pro-inflammatory [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83] chain reaction observed after PM exposure. Cardiac tissue oxidative stress increases within hours of PM 2.5 inhalation [61], whereas footprints (e.g.…”