Personality and substance use in midlife: Conscientiousness as a moderator and the effects of trait change

Turiano, Nicholas A.; Whiteman, Shawn D.; Hampson, Sarah E.; Roberts, Brent W.; Mroczek, Daniel K.

doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.02.009

Cited by 171 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…However, whereas a previous meta-analysis with 4,730 participants found an association between low agreeableness and current smoking, this association was not found in the current study (12). In addition, contrary to prior longitudinal evidence (13)(14)(15)(16), neuroticism and openness to experience were not associated with smoking initiation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In prospective studies, high neuroticism has been shown to be associated with smoking initiation in some (13)(14)(15), but not in all studies (16). Low conscientiousness has been shown to be associated with smoking initiation (13,16), while the evidence of the association between high openness to experience and smoking initiation is mixed with both positive and null findings (13,16). Results from two small-scale smoking cessation programs suggests that low neuroticism and low openness to experience may be associated with higher odds of smoking cessation (17,18), and that higher conscientiousness might predict abstinence from smoking (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Personality and Smoking: Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis of 9 Cohort Studies

et al. 2015

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Aims-To investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between personality and smoking, and test whether sociodemographic factors modify these associations. Design-Cross-sectional and longitudinal individual-participant meta-analysis.Setting-Nine cohort studies from Australia, Germany, UK and US.Participants-A total of 79,757 men and women (mean age = 51 years).Measurements-Personality traits of the Five-Factor Model (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience) were used as exposures. Outcomes were current smoking status (current smoker, ex-smoker, and never smoker), smoking initiation, smoking relapse, and smoking cessation. Associations between personality and smoking were HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript modeled using logistic and multinomial logistic regression, and study-specific findings were combined using random-effect meta-analysis.Findings-Current smoking was associated with higher extraversion (odds ratio per 1 standard deviation increase in the score: 1.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.24), higher neuroticism (1.19; 1.13-1.26), and lower conscientiousness (0.88; 0.83-0.94). Among nonsmokers, smoking initiation during the follow-up period was prospectively predicted by higher extraversion (1.22; 1.04-1.43) and lower conscientiousness (0.80; 0.68-0.93), whereas higher neuroticism (1.16; 1.04-1.30) predicted smoking relapse among ex-smokers. Among smokers, smoking cessation was negatively associated with neuroticism (0.91; 0.87-0.96). Sociodemographic variables did not appear to modify the associations between personality and smoking.Conclusions-Adult smokers have higher extraversion, higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness personality scores than non-smokers. Initiation into smoking is positively associated with higher extraversion and lower conscientiousness, while relapse to smoking among ex-smokers is association with higher neuroticism.Despite the known harmful effects of smoking on health (1), around 31% of men and 11% of women worldwide continue to smoke tobacco regularly (2). In the United States, 67 % of regular smokers have considered quitting smoking, and 52 % had attempted to do so during the past year (3). While there are many effective smoking cessation programs, such as behavioral support and pharmacological treatments (4), people's attempts to quit smoking tend not to be successful over the long term (3, 5).Several psychological and social risk factors for smoking have been identified, including parental socioeconomic status, parental smoking, and peer smoking (6). Previous research has also reported differences in personality characteristics -which refers to individual differences in feelings, thoughts, and actions (7) -between smokers and non-smokers (8, 9). A meta-analysis of 25 published cross-sectional studies of extraversion and neuroticism (34,738 non-smokers and 12,764 smokers) reported that smokers had higher neuroticism and higher extraversion than n...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Personality and Smoking: Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis of 9 Cohort Studies

et al. 2015

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“…This association occurs largely because neuroticism predicts engagement in unhealthy behaviors, including smoking and drinking (Turiano et al, 2012), and greater physiological stress reactivity (Lahey, 2009). Individuals high in neuroticism are also more Personality and Health Response 6 likely to use unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking and drinking, as a method to cope with stress (Malouff et al, 2007;Turiano et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Some have suggested that neuroticism is healthy when paired with high conscientiousness, a trait that allows individuals to deal productively with stress (Gartland, O'Connor & Lawton, 2012). When paired with high conscientiousness, high neuroticism has been found to predict lower levels of smoking (Turiano et al, 2012) and better physical health (Roberts, Smith, Jackson & Edmonds, 2009;Turiano et al, 2013). Thus, while conscientiousness has consistent associations with positive health -and thus is expected to predict adaptive responses to health news -the links between neuroticism and health are more complex, and so it is unclear whether neuroticism will predict responses or in what direction.…”

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confidence: 99%

How do people respond to health news? The role of personality traits

Weston

Jackson

2016

Psychology & Health

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“…On the other hand, these personality traits have an impact on all mental and physical aspects of an individual in a way that many components, including health, [10,11] creativity, [12] drug use, [13] and life satisfaction [14,15] could be predicted by these characteristics.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Tabatabai

2016

AJP

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Aim: This was a causal-comparative study aimed to comparatively evaluate the personality characteristics and life satisfaction among the individuals resident of district 6 Tehran, Iran. Method: The research population consisted of 661 individuals (≥20-year-old; 49.5% male and 51.5% female) selected through stratified random sampling method in five different age groups. The data were collected using researcher-made demographic questionnaire, NEO Five-Factor Inventory short form, and satisfaction with life scale (Diener et al.). The data were analyzed with independent t-test. Result and Discussion: Results of independent t-test indicated that the 20-30 years old women received significantly higher scores in neuroticism and agreeableness features than men and between men and women were not observed a significant difference in extroversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness in different age groups. In addition, the life satisfaction score of the 20-30 years old age group of women was significantly higher than men, other personality characteristics in relation to life satisfaction were not significantly different. Conclusion: The status of neuroticism, agreeableness, and life satisfaction in 20-30 years old women were discussed. Further conducting studies on the psychological characters of young age groups of women is necessary.

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Personality and substance use in midlife: Conscientiousness as a moderator and the effects of trait change

Cited by 171 publications

References 52 publications

Personality and Smoking: Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis of 9 Cohort Studies

Personality and Smoking: Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis of 9 Cohort Studies

How do people respond to health news? The role of personality traits

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