Personality, depressive symptoms during pregnancy and their influence on postnatal depression in Spanish pregnant Spanish women. [Personalidad, síntomas depresivos en el embarazo y su influencia en la depresión postparto en gestantes españolas]

Abstract

Título: Personalidad, síntomas depresivos en el embarazo y su influencia en la depresión postparto en gestantes españolas. Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la influencia de los factores de personalidad y los síntomas depresivos antenatales en la depresión puerperal. Se elaboró un diseño ex post facto prospectivo, con una asignación voluntaria de los sujetos. La muestra se compuso de 116 mujeres, captándose en el primer trimestre de embarazo y terminando el estudio a los cuatro meses postparto. Los instrumentos de medición empleados fueron la escala Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) para evaluar la depresión postparto, el NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) para analizar la personalidad y la subescala de depresión del Symptoms Check List 90-R (SCL 90-R) para valorar la depresión en el embarazo. Se tuvieron en cuenta variables sociodemográficas (edad, paridad, nivel de estudios, situación laboral, y planificación de embarazo) y clínicas (Apgar neonatal y tipo de parto). Se encontró una relación positiva entre la depresión postparto y los síntomas depresivos durante la gestación, sin embargo tras realizar un análisis de regresión se vio que el neuroticismo era el único factor que predecía los síntomas depresivos postparto, explicando un 24.8% de la varianza. El neuroticismo influye considerablemente en la salud psicológica ante acontecimientos vitales como es la maternidad. Debido a su condición estable, la personalidad podría evaluarse desde el inicio del embarazo, incidiendo en la atención de aquellas mujeres con un rasgo predominante de neuroticismo para prevenir, detectar y tratar precozmente la depresión puerperal. Palabras clave: personalidad; embarazo; depresión postparto; mujer. Abstract:The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of personality factors and antenatal depressive symptomatology in postnatal depression. A prospective ex post facto design was carried out. The sample consisted of 116 women, recruited in their first trimester of pregnancy and followed up until four months postpartum. The measurement instruments used were the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to assess postpartum depression, the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) to analyse personality traits and the depression subscale of the Symptoms Check List 90 (SCL-90-R) to assess depressive symptomatology in the first half of pregnancy. Socio-demographic variables (age, parity, educational level, employment status, and planned pregnancy) and clinical variables (neonatal Apgar score and mode of delivery) were also taken into account. A positive correlation was found between postpartum depression and depressive symptomatology in the first trimester; however after the regression analysis neuroticism was the only factor that predicted postpartum depressive symptoms, explaining 24.8% of the variance. Neuroticism significantly influences psychological health during life events such as motherhood. Due to its stable condition, personality could be assessed from the beginning of pregnancy, contributing ...

Personality Traits and Postnatal Depression: The Mediated Role of Postnatal Anxiety and Moderated Role of Type of Birth

“…In line with previous literature (e.g., Jones et al, 2010; Marín-Morales et al, 2014; Udovičić, 2014; Maliszewska et al, 2016), high levels of neuroticism and low levels of extraversion and consciousness were associated with high levels of postnatal depression. Agreeableness and openness were not significantly associated with postnatal depression 2 weeks after giving birth, and these findings are concordant with previous studies (e.g., Verkerk et al, 2005).…”

“…Among personality traits, neuroticism was consistently associated with emotional disturbances during the postnatal period. Specifically, cross-sectional studies have discovered that new mothers reporting high levels of neuroticism are more likely to experience higher levels of major postnatal depression or depressive symptomatology (e.g., Jones et al, 2010; Marín-Morales et al, 2014; Udovičić, 2014; Maliszewska et al, 2016). Fewer longitudinal studies explored the relation between neuroticism and postnatal depression, and contradictory findings were reported.…”

“…Importantly, few previous studies evaluating the links between personality traits and emotions disturbance had been carried out on samples of new mother from Eastern European countries (see Imširagić et al, 2014 as an exception). Most studies were conducted in Western European societies (e.g., Wiklund et al, 2006; Marín-Morales et al, 2014). Further, the World Health Organization, United Nations Population Fund, and Key Centre for Women’s Health in Society (2009) recommends a cesarean frequency of 10%.…”

The Influence of Personality Traits on Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review Based on the NEO-FFI Scale

“…The systematic review included seven studies, as detailed in Table 1 [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. These studies were conducted in a range of countries, including Croatia, Poland, Spain, China, Iran, and Romania.…”

“…The studies employed various research designs: four were cross-sectional (Maliszewska et al [26,28], Tian et al [29], and Roman et al [31]), two were prospective cohorts (Imsiragic et al [25] and Marin-Morales et al [27]), and one was a case-control study (Tian et al [29]). This mix of designs provided a comprehensive view of the relationship between personality traits and postpartum depression.…”