Personality Styles and Dynamics of Alaska Native and Nonnative Incarcerated Men

Glass, Melinda H.; Bieber, Stephen L.; Tkachuk, Marilyn J.

doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6603_8

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Ethnicity did not establish any differences between the clusters, in contrast to the results obtained by other authors [19] . These authors found personality differences in inmate population, measured through MCMI [10] , based on cultural background.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects who had been admitted to the Psychiatric Department, who lacked the comprehension skill level and who had organic brain syndrome were excluded. The average age was 19.89 years (DT = 1.46; range: [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The ethnic backgrounds included Caucasians (53%), mixed Caucasian Gypsy (21%), Gypsy (18%), Arab (4%) and South American (4%).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality and Coping in Young Inmates: A Cluster Typology

Mohíno¹,

Kirchner

Forns

2008

Psychopathology

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Objective: Firstly, to identify groups of inmates according to personality. Secondly, to differentiate types of personality through coping strategies, psychopathology, criminal records and social factors. Method: A cross-sectional design was used to study psychosocial, correctional, personality and clinical characteristics in inmates. The group was composed of 106 male inmates. The measures used to evaluate personality, clinical and psychosocial variables were a standard protocol and three self-report questionnaires: the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 and the Coping Responses Inventory-Adult Form. A cluster analysis, ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis test were conducted. Results: Four clusters were identified. The secondary type was characterized by an impulsive, suspicious, hostile personality, by anxiety, a low tolerance of frustration, and by the use of cognitive avoidance coping. The controlled-healthy type showed a less pathological and more self-controlled personality. The primarytype was similar to secondary, but with lower tendency to impulsivity. The inhibited-affected type was shown to have an avoidant personality, greater tendency to symptomatology and also to use acceptance-resignation and emotional discharge coping. Conclusion: The four groups of young inmates identified showed profiles with different degrees of psychopathological risk and also different coping profiles.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and Coping in Young Inmates: A Cluster Typology

Mohíno¹,

Kirchner

Forns

2008

Psychopathology

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“…Indeed, there has been considerable question regarding the existence of marginalized ethnic minority individuals as assessed in the present manner (e.g., Rudmin, 2003). Glass, Bieber, and Tkachuk (1996) found few marginalized Alaskan inmates; however, they believed that these men were unwillingly pushed to become part of the dominant culture and may have experienced substantial acculturative stress. The one substantial difference between the Coatsworth's findings and our findings is with regard to the relative frequency of assimilated adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acculturation and Enculturation Trajectories Among Mexican‐American Adolescent Offenders

Knight

Vargas-Chanes

Losoya

et al. 2009

J of Research on Adolesc

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This study examines changes over time in ethnic affirmation/belonging and ethnic identity achievement, Spanish language use, English language use, Mexican/Mexican-American affiliation/ identification and Anglo affiliation/identification in a sample of Mexican-American adolescents participating in a longitudinal study of juvenile offenders. The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure and the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II were completed by the MexicanAmerican adolescents 7 times over a 3-year period. The findings from longitudinal growth modeling analyses and growth mixture modeling analyses indicate that there is heterogeneity in the initial scores and changes over time on these variables that are related to markers for the cultural qualities of the home environment (i.e., generational status and mother's most frequent language use). In contrast to expectations, marginalized or assimilated acculturation trajectories/types were not overrepresented in this sample of adolescent offenders. Implications for our understanding of the nature of acculturation and enculturation processes and the way these processes are studied are discussed.As a result of immigration and birth rates the ethnic minority populations (i.e., Latinos, Asian Americans, etc.) in the United States are rapidly increasing in absolute and relative size (U.S. Census Bureau, 2004). Further, for some ethnic minority groups, increased exposure to the mainstream culture of the United States has been associated with increased delinquency (Buriel, Calzada, & Vasquez, 1982;Fridrich & Flannery, 1995;Samaniego & Gonzalez, 1999;Vega, Khoury, Zimmerman, Gil, & Warhaheit, 1995;Wall, Power, & Arbona, 1993) and poor mental health (Hovey & King, 1996;Katragadda & Tidwell, 1998;Rasmussen, Negy, Carlson, & Burns, 1997;Rogler, Cortes, & Malgady, 1991). Several authors (e.g., Gonzales, Knight, Morgan-Lopez, Saenz, & Sirolli, 2002;Szapocznik & Kurtines, 1993) NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript demands to adapt to both the mainstream and ethnic cultures experienced by ethnic minority youths may create challenges that place them at risk for negative mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, low self-esteem, or conduct problems) and negative life outcomes (i.e., school failure, drug and alcohol abuse, juvenile delinquency, and financial instability). That is, ethnic minority individuals may be at greater risk because they are often expected to adhere to many of the behavioral expectations and values of the ethnic culture in their home and proximal neighborhood while at the same time they are expected to adhere to the behavioral expectations and values of the mainstream culture at school and in the broader community.Although some (e.g., Berry, 2006) describe this dual cultural adaptation under the rubric of acculturation, we describe this dual cultural adaptation as occurring through the processes of acculturation and enculturation (Gonzales et al., 2002;Knight, Jacobson, Gonzales, Roosa, & Saenz, 2009) to diff...

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“…For example, Krall et al (1983) found that inner-city black children differed from then-current CS norms on 5 of 10 Rorschach variables. Glass, Bieber, and Tkachuk (1996) compared Alaskan native and non-native prisoners and concluded: “There were clear differences between native and non-native inmates on both the MCMI II and the Rorschach” (p. 583, Abstract). This study revealed that the Alaskan Native Americans differed significantly from the CS norms on two-thirds of Rorschach scores.…”

Section: Rorschach Inkblot Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Scientific Status of Projective Techniques

Lilienfeld

Wood

Garb

2000

Psychol Sci Public Interest

607

391

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Abstract-AlthoughControversy has been no stranger to the field of personality assessment, and no issue in this field has been more controversial than the scientific status of projective techniques. Indeed, the novice reader attempting to make sense of the sprawling and bewilderingly complex literature on projective techniques is immediately confronted with a striking paradox. On the one hand, during the past four decades a litany of personality assessment researchers (e.g., Anastasi, 1982;Gittelman Klein, 1986;Dawes, 1994) have come forth to decry the reliability and validity of most projective techniques (see Lilienfeld, 1999). Jensen's (1965) famous quotation, although 35 years old, still captures the sentiments of many contemporary scientists toward the Rorschach Inkblot Test and numerous other projective techniques: ". . . the rate of scientific progress in clinical psychology might well be measured by the speed and thoroughness with which it gets over the Rorschach" (p. 238). On the other hand, clinicians in the United States and to a lesser extent those abroad continue to use projective techniques with great regularity, and many contend that these techniques are virtually indispensable to their daily practice (Watkins, Campbell, Neiberding, & Hallmark, 1995). The crux of this paradox was incisively summed up by Anastasi (1982), who observed that "Projective techniques present a curious discrepancy between research and practice. When evaluated as psychometric instruments, the large majority make a poor showing. Yet their popularity in clinical use continues unabated" (p. 564).Indeed, despite the sustained and often withering criticisms directed at projective techniques during the past several decades (Dawes, 1994;Lowenstein, 1987), numerous surveys demonstrate that such techniques continue to enjoy widespread popularity among clinicians. Durand, Blanchard, and Mindell (1988) reported that 49% of the directors of clinical psychology graduate programs and 65% of the directors of clinical psychology internships believed that formal training in projective techniques is important. Watkins et al. (1995) found that 5 projective techniques, including the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), were among the 10 instruments most frequently used by clinical psychologists. For example, 82% of clinical psychologists reported that they administered the Rorschach at least "occasionally" in their test batteries and 43% reported that they "frequently" or "always" administered it. There is some indication, however, that the popularity of certain projective techniques may be waning. In a recent survey of practicing clinicians, Piotrowski, Belter, and Keller (1998) reported that several projective techniques, including the Rorschach and TAT, have been abandoned by a sizeable minority of users. Some authors (e.g., Piotrowski et al., 1998; Piotrowski & Belter, 1989) have attributed the recent decline in the popularity of projective techniques to the advent of managed care, although at least some of this decline may al...

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Personality Styles and Dynamics of Alaska Native and Nonnative Incarcerated Men

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Personality and Coping in Young Inmates: A Cluster Typology

Personality and Coping in Young Inmates: A Cluster Typology

Acculturation and Enculturation Trajectories Among Mexican‐American Adolescent Offenders

The Scientific Status of Projective Techniques

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