Personality Traits, Gamification and Features to Develop an App to Reduce Physical Inactivity

Meixner, Charlotte; Baumann, Hannes; Wollesen, Bettina

doi:10.3390/info11070367

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The PAHCO model with its multidimensional and integrative view has recently been used in different target groups and settings attributable to both prevention (12,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) and rehabilitation (12,(20)(21)(22)(23). However, when reviewing the first conceptualtheoretical articles, it becomes obvious that environmental factors hardly play any role within this competence approach (11,24).…”

Section: Figure 1 |mentioning

confidence: 99%

What About the Environment? How the Physical Activity–Related Health Competence Model Can Benefit From Health Literacy Research

Carl

Grüne

Pfeifer

2021

Front. Public Health

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Research cultivates a multitude of frameworks, models, and theories with different determinants internal and/or external to the individual contributing to the understanding and explaining of physical activity levels. The physical activity–related health competence (PAHCO) model can be located at the interface between research of health literacy and physical activity. Because of its primary person orientation, however, the model has not yet undergone discussions on the relevance of the environment. Encouraged by the developments in the area of health literacy, the goal of the present perspective article was to stimulate some initial reflections on potential solutions for the competence–environment relationship within the PAHCO model. We extracted three potential solutions for this issue. Dubbed the solution of integration, we first discussed that the PAHCO model could be placed into overarching, more holistic, and abstract models of health-enhancing physical activity, such as the capability approach or the socioecological model. Applying a solution of elaboration, researchers could second substantiate existing components of the PAHCO model, such as control competence or self-regulation competence, by further explanations. Characterizing the solution of extension, it would third be possible to introduce (a) separate competence component(s) that highlight(s) the manageability of the environment, for instance, by establishing a (socio)ecological competence. The article concludes with a short overview of potential empirical approaches, given their potential to assist researchers in identifying preferences for the theoretical advancement and to put the development on a stronger evidence base.

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Section: Figure 1 |mentioning

confidence: 99%

What About the Environment? How the Physical Activity–Related Health Competence Model Can Benefit From Health Literacy Research

Carl

Grüne

Pfeifer

2021

Front. Public Health

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“…Furthermore, they concluded that the problem of inactive participants should, in fact, be addressed with app features and gamification elements in accordance with their prior defined goals rather than with their personality traits. Nevertheless, with respect to earlier studies suggesting personality traits being associated with higher stress vulnerability and potentially different stress management competencies, we hypothesize that the results by Meixner et al [ 65 ] might not be transferable to stress outcomes and tailored app features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The personality questions were derived from previous qualitative interviews and checked for construct validity using the Visual Questionnaire [ 65 ]. The personality analysis included health-specific questions, which resulted in a manifestation of 4 personality dimensions (need for security, information acquisition, need for stimulation, and information processing).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PSI theory distinguishes between 2 emotional—(1) the need for stimulation and (2) the need for security—and 2 cognitive systems—(1) the need for information and (2) information processing [ 64 ]. Meixner et al [ 65 ] investigated the associations between personality traits assessed via PSI theory, interest in app-based monitored physical activity goals, app features, and gamification in order to create tailored mHealth content and found no significant interaction. Furthermore, they concluded that the problem of inactive participants should, in fact, be addressed with app features and gamification elements in accordance with their prior defined goals rather than with their personality traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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App-Tailoring Requirements to Increase Stress Management Competencies Within Families: Cross-sectional Survey Study

et al. 2021

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Background Families experiencing high levels of psychological distress are considered a particularly vulnerable population for adverse effects on mental and physical health. Moreover, highly stressed individuals engage less in mental health promoting activities and show low stress management competencies. App-based stress interventions seem promising for the treatment and prevention of stress outcomes and might be a low-threshold solution. Objective The aim of this study was to identify the requirements for a tailored app to reduce stress in a cohort of highly stressed families that have low stress management skills. Methods Parents (n=1008; age: mean 47.7 years, SD 6.1; female: 599/1008, 59.7%) completed an extensive web-based survey and were subdivided into a target (stressed individuals with low stress competency) and nontarget group according to their reported stress level and stress management competencies. Group differences were analyzed using analysis of variance. In principal component analysis with Kaiser varimax rotation, personally defined stress management goals were grouped into components. Linear regression models were also calculated. Results A 3-factor solution cumulatively explained 56% of the variance in personally defined goals of interest for stress management with (1) active strategies (25.61% explained variance), (2) general competency (17.95% explained variance) and (3) passive strategies (12.45% explained variance). The groups differed in age (F1,978=27.67, P<.001), health index (F1,958=246.14, P<.001), personally defined general-competency goal (F1,958=94.16 P<.001), as well as “information acquisition” (F1,971=14.75, P<.001) and “need for stimulation” (F1,981=54.49, P<.001) personality traits. A regression model showed that for the active strategies goals of interest, only app feature information or instructional videos had a significant effect (P=.02). The general competency factor showed none, and the passive strategies factor showed significant effects for 2 app features—suggestions for planning possible activities with the family (P=.01) and diaries for documentation and development of strategies (P=.03). Conclusions The results of this survey study highlight the need to develop an app to increase stress management competencies that takes into consideration perceived stress level, stress management skills, personality, and personally defined goals of the user. The content of the app should be tailored to previously detected personality traits, especially selective information acquisition and low need for stimulation. Furthermore, personally defined stress management goals seem to affect interest in some features.

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“…Different variations of gamification capabilities have also been examined in the context of employees' online self-disclosure (Dincelli and Chengalur-Smith, 2020) and corruption behaviors (Baxter et al, 2017). In addition, previous work on gamified systems have relied on both monetary and non-monetary rewards to incentivize participants (Lewis et al, 2016;Karac and Stabauer, 2017;Meixner et al, 2020;Ueyama et al, 2014). It is evident that gamification can be a useful tool in educating and motivating individuals in a variety of contexts.…”

Section: Background On Phishingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phish Derby: Shoring the Human Shield Through Gamified Phishing Attacks

Canham¹,

Posey

Constantino

2022

Front. Educ.

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To better understand employees’ reporting behaviors in relation to phishing emails, we gamified the phishing security awareness training process by creating and conducting a month-long “Phish Derby” competition at a large university in the U.S. The university’s Information Security Office challenged employees to prove they could detect phishing emails as part of the simulated phishing program currently in place. Employees volunteered to compete for prizes during this special event and were instructed to report suspicious emails as potential phishing attacks. Prior to the beginning of the competition, we collected demographics and data related to the concepts central to two theoretical foundations: the Big Five personality traits and goal orientation theory. We found several notable relationships between demographic variables and Phish Derby performance, which was operationalized from the number of phishing attacks reported and employee report speed. Several key findings emerged, including past performance on simulated phishing campaigns positively predicted Phish Derby performance; older participants performed better than their younger colleagues, but more educated participants performed poorer; and individuals who used a mix of PCs and Macs at work performed worse than those using a single platform. We also found that two of the Big Five personality dimensions, extraversion and agreeableness, were both associated with poorer performance in phishing detection and reporting. Likewise, individuals who were driven to perform well in the Phish Derby because they desired to learn from the experience (i.e., learning goal orientation) performed at a lower level than those driven by other goals. Interestingly, self-reported levels of computer skill and the perceived ability to detect phishing messages failed to exhibit a significant relationship with Phish Derby performance. We discuss these findings and describe how focusing on motivating the good in employee cyber behaviors is a necessary yet too often overlooked component in organizations whose training cyber cultures are rooted in employee click rates alone.

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Personality Traits, Gamification and Features to Develop an App to Reduce Physical Inactivity

Cited by 8 publications

References 59 publications

What About the Environment? How the Physical Activity–Related Health Competence Model Can Benefit From Health Literacy Research

What About the Environment? How the Physical Activity–Related Health Competence Model Can Benefit From Health Literacy Research

App-Tailoring Requirements to Increase Stress Management Competencies Within Families: Cross-sectional Survey Study

Phish Derby: Shoring the Human Shield Through Gamified Phishing Attacks

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