Personnel Exposure to Scattered Radiation During Radiography of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint in the Horse Using a Portable X-Ray Machine

Abstract

Radiography of the distal interphalangeal joints of two limbs of a cadaver of a horse weighing 550 kg was conducted in the present study. The examination was performed on lateromedial, palmaroproximal-palmarodistal views and on dorsoproximal-palmarodistal, dorsolateralpalmaromedial, dorsomedial-palmarolateral views of a raised limb placed on a navicular block, and of weight-bearing limbs. During the examination, doses of scattered radiation were measured at the sites of radiographer, assistant holding a film cassette and assistant positioning the examined limb or the opposite one. The lowest radiation dose was received by the assistant holding the cassette behind the examined region; a total equivalent dose of 183.6 -201.7 nSv was received by his hands and genitals, and 110.8 -113.3 nSv by his eye lens and neck during the examination of the distal interphalangeal joint. The radiographer was exposed to higher radiation; an equivalent dose of 846.6 -854.1 nSv was received by his hands and genitals, and 271.8 -328.2 nSv by the eye lens and the neck. The highest scattered radiation dose was received by the assistant positioning the examined limbs; equivalent doses were 7751 -9354 nSv (hands), 1117.3 -1119.5 nSv (genitals), and 880.6 -1096.2 nSv (eye lens and neck). The equivalent dose values measured, received by the radiographer and the assistants during the examination of the distal interphalangeal joint seem to be very low relative to radiation exposure limits. However, it must be taken into account that the personnel involved in radiography is also exposed to scattered radiation during other examinations where radiation doses are often much higher. These results indicate the necessity to use protective lead aprons, gloves and collars during radiography of the distal interphalangeal joint.

X-ray tube operators can be exposed to equal or higher scattered radiation doses to the hand as cassette holders during diagnostic radiographic procedures of the equine vertebral column and limbs

“…Previous studies have investigated scattered radiation doses to the hands of x-ray tube operators [7][8][9] and cassette holders 7,8 during equine radiographic procedures; however, these studies were limited to radiography of the limb, with 2 studies 7,9 using only the distal limb. The scattered dose to the x-ray tube operator may be higher during radiography of body regions other than the limb, such as the vertebral column, due to the thicker body regions generating more scatter, and the higher kilovolt and milliampere settings that may be used.…”