Perspectives: bone's mechanical usage windows

Frost, Harold M.

doi:10.1016/0169-6009(92)90875-e

Cited by 260 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Immobilization by SCI causes general bone loss, which ranges from 30 to 50%. 2,[8][9][10][11] The results of our study confirm that there is a significant decrease of bone mass in patients after SCI, especially rapid in lower extremities. BieringFSorensen et al reported 50% BMD decrease in paralyzed extremities during 3 years longitudinal study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…8 A number of studies have been conducted on weightbearing effects on bone mass at different skeletal sites. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Some studies 15,16 have shown the influence of passive weight-bearing on BMD, but these findings were not confirmed by other researchers. [17][18][19][20] The aim of the study was to assess bone loss in persons with SCI and its dependence on weight-bearing activity (passive standing) during the first 2 years post injury.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…During the mechanical load a power vector is directed through the bone trabecules in the way, that minimum effective load is stimulating bone renovation. 9 Goemaere et al 15 showed that femoral shaft BMD of the patients regularly performing passive weightbearing standing was higher than those of non standing patients and they recommend using long leg braces. Our study also illustrates higher BMD in the lower extremities for the patients performing standing in comparison to those not standing.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of weight-bearing activities on bone mineral density in spinal cord injured patients during the period of the first two years

et al. 2008

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Study design: Prospective study on patients with spinal cord injuries. Objectives: To evaluate the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in various body regions of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and its dependence on weight bearing activities during 2 years post injury. Methods: BMD of the whole body was measured in patients with SCI. Baseline measurement was performed in 6-16 weeks after SCI, the second and the thirdFrespectively 12 and 24 months after injury. Fifty-four subjects were selected and divided into two groups: standing and non-standing. From these groups 27 pairs were made according to gender, age and height. Results: There was found to be a well-marked decrease in BMD values for lower extremities, but there was no significant difference between paraplegic and tetraplegic patients 1 and 2 year after injury. Leg BMD reduced by 19.62% (95% CI, 17-22%) in the standing group and by 24% (95% CI, 21-27%) in non-standing group during the first year. Two years after SCI patients in standing group had significantly higher leg BMDF1.018 g/cm 2 (95% CI, 0.971-1.055 g/cm 2 ) than in the non-standing groupF0.91 g/cm 2 (95% CI, 0.872-0.958 g/cm 2 ) (Pp0.0001). Conclusion: SCI patients who performed daily standing X1 h and not less than 5 days per week, had significantly higher BMD in the lower extremities after 2 years in comparison to those patients who did not perform standing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of weight-bearing activities on bone mineral density in spinal cord injured patients during the period of the first two years

et al. 2008

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“…28 12 day timeframe of our experiment the periosteal modeling response appears to be responsible for the functional repair of the ulna. Woven bone formation is associated with pathological overload, 17,18 fracture healing, 19 and other scenarios where a rapid rate of bone formation occurs. 20 Despite its fundamental importance to restoring or maintaining skeletal integrity under challenging conditions, the material properties of woven bone are not well known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone formation after damaging in vivo fatigue loading results in recovery of whole‐bone monotonic strength and increased fatigue life

Silva¹,

Touhey²

2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Bone has a remarkable capacity for self-repair. We previously reported a woven bone response after damaging in vivo fatigue loading of the rat ulna that led to a rapid recovery of wholebone strength. In the current study we asked: does the bone response in the 12 days after damaging fatigue loading result in a bone that has normal fatigue properties? The right forelimbs of 52 adult rats were subjected to a single bout of in vivo fatigue loading. Nonloaded left forelimbs were used as controls. Ulnar geometric properties were assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and ex vivo mechanical properties were assessed by three-point bending. On day 0, ulnae from loaded forelimbs had a 15-20% reduction in stiffness and ultimate force versus controls (p < 0.10), indicative of structural damage. On day 12, bone area at the midshaft was increased by 27% (p < 0.001) and microCT scans revealed periosteal woven bone at this site. This bone response led to a recovery of the monotonic properties of loaded ulnae at day 12 versus control (stiffness, p ¼ 0.73; ultimate force, p ¼ 0.96). Importantly, fatigue testing ex vivo at day 12 demonstrated significantly greater fatigue life in in vivo loaded ulnae versus controls (p < 0.001). Additionally, the slope of the fatigue-life curve was significantly less in loaded versus control ulnae (p < 0.002). We conclude that woven bone ''repair'' of a bone damaged by fatigue loading restores whole-bone strength and enhances resistance to further damage by repetitive loading. ß

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“…Este resultado, provavelmente, é decorrente do equilíbrio entre a formação e a reabsorção óssea em animais adultos, por ação combinada dos osteoblastos e osteoclastos (FROST, 1992). Se houvesse predomínio do processo de formação, era esperado que houvesse correlação entre a OC e a DMO.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified