Perspectives in veterinary medicine on the use of cannabinoids as complementary palliative therapy for pain in cancer patients

Abstract

Pain in the cancer patient is an important clinical manifestation that results in low life expectancy and poor prognosis. Pain may be related to tumor type, invasion of adjacent tissues, metastasis, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with variable response to analgesic therapy. Many studies have called attention due to their potential therapeutic effect in the modulation of pain and inflammation. Cannabinoid derivatives are chemical compounds obtained from Cannabis that act on specific receptors.Several commercial products have already been approved in Europe and the USA for use in human patients. The present study aimed to review articles on the use of cannabinoids in the control of pain contributing to the well-being and quality of life in cancer patients undergoing palliative care. Although, there are few reports in the veterinary medical literature on the use of cannabinoids in the control of pain in dogs, it is believed that such patients can benefit from this therapeutic modality.

Uso da Cannabis na epilepsia humana e canina

“…Em muitos países já foi aprovado o uso dos canabinoides para pacientes humanos (HERRERA; BURNEO, 2018). Os estudos sobre o uso da Cannabis sativa na Medicina Veterinária são incipientes, porém, a análise dos dados disponíveis sugere que a Cannabis também poderá oferecer diversos benefícios para os animais (REPETTI et al, 2019).…”

“…O receptor CB1 localiza-se no SNC, no córtex frontal, cerebelo, núcleos da base, hipocampo e região límbica cerebral (BONFÁ; VINAGRE; FIGUEIREDO, 2008;BRUCKI et al, 2015;REPETTI et al, 2019), mas também estão presentes na medula espinhal, gânglios da medula dorsal, células endoteliais, adipócitos, tecido muscular, hepatócitos e trato gastrintestinal, sistema nervoso entérico e nervos periféricos (ABRAMS, 2016;BONFÁ;VINAGRE;FIGUEIREDO, 2008;REPETTI et al, 2019).…”

“…O receptor CB2, por sua vez, encontra-se nas células do sistema imunológico (ABRAMS, 2016), baço, células B, células T, amígdalas e células microgliais ativadas (BONFÁ; VINAGRE; FIGUEIREDO, 2008;REPETTI et al, 2019). A ativação dos receptores CB2 pelos canabinoides suscita efeitos na modulação da dor e inflamação, além de aumentar a taxa de apoptose das células neoplásicas (ABRAMS, 2016;REPETTI et al, 2019).…”

Use of cannabis in the treatment of animals: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials

“…Cannabinoids exert their actions by binding with cannabinoid receptors (mainly CB 1 and CB 2 ) widely distributed in the peripheral and central nervous systems of human beings and other animals (Greb and Puschner, 2018). These receptors play important roles in many physiological processes such as pain, inflammation, immune function, and anxiety (Hartsel et al ., 2019; Repetti et al ., 2019). Moreover, the anticonvulsant effects of CBD appear to be due to the binding of specific transient receptor potential channels, which leads to decreased release of glutamate, activation of 5-hydroxytryptophan 1A receptors, and inhibition of adenosine reuptake (Carrier et al ., 2006; De Petrocellis et al ., 2011; Campos et al ., 2012; Sylantyev et al ., 2013).…”

Uso Da Cannabis Em Cães Com Doenças Crônicas: Quais as Evidências?

“…Várias Pesquisas também focam o funcionamento dos receptores canabinóides tipo 1 (CB1) e o tipo 2 (CB2), e demonstraram que o uso da erva pode abrandar sintomas da esclerose múltipla, dor por inflamação ou neuropatias (REPETTI et al, 2019).…”