Pain in the cancer patient is an important clinical manifestation that results in low life expectancy and poor prognosis. Pain may be related to tumor type, invasion of adjacent tissues, metastasis, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with variable response to analgesic therapy. Many studies have called attention due to their potential therapeutic effect in the modulation of pain and inflammation. Cannabinoid derivatives are chemical compounds obtained from Cannabis that act on specific receptors.Several commercial products have already been approved in Europe and the USA for use in human patients. The present study aimed to review articles on the use of cannabinoids in the control of pain contributing to the well-being and quality of life in cancer patients undergoing palliative care. Although, there are few reports in the veterinary medical literature on the use of cannabinoids in the control of pain in dogs, it is believed that such patients can benefit from this therapeutic modality.

Background Leptospirosis is an important anthropozoonosis. The study investigated the presence of anti‐Leptospira antibodies and detection of Leptospira spp DNA in the urine as well as the biochemical profile in Neotropical wild primates living in a forest reserve from Southeast São Paulo State, Brazil. Methods Blood samples were obtained from 50 adult tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus). Urine samples were obtained only from male primates. The screening for antibodies against Leptospira spp was evaluated by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Leptospira DNA in the urine was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) considering the target gene LipL32. Biochemical profile was evaluated by using a spectrophotometer. Results The MAT results included 39 (78%) serum reactive animals with the proportions of 28/39 males and 11/39 females. The most frequent reactive serogroups were Icterohemorrhagiae, Canicola, and Autumnalis. All urine samples were negative for leptospiral DNA. There were no significant differences between sexes for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase values, but alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, glucose, and urea were significantly higher in males. Conclusions Tufted capuchin monkeys were sera reactive against leptospirosis. Prevalence was similar for the 2 sexes. Leptospiral DNA was not detected in the urine of sera reactive primates tested by the MAT method. ALT, creatinine, glucose, and urea values were higher in male animals.

A leishmaniose é um grupo de doenças infecciosas não contagiosas causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania. Possui, principalmente, apresentações viscerais e cutâneas. Diferentes formas da doença são amplamente distribuídas em todo o mundo, constituindo um importante problema de saúde pública. O cão doméstico (Canis familiaris) é apontado epidemiologicamente como o reservatório mais importante para Leishmania infantum, cuja transmissão ocorre por meio de flebotomíneos infectados com o protozoário. A falta de informação e de atitudes preventivas são alguns dos principais fatores relacionados à persistência das doenças infecciosas e parasitárias no Brasil. No caso das leishmanioses, na maioria das áreas onde a doença é endêmica o conhecimento restringe-se, muitas vezes, às pessoas que já tiveram a doença ou a casos na família ou proximidades. Por meio de inquéritos é possível buscar e detectar necessidades invisíveis, atuando com instrumento que permita, em primeiro plano, identificar e priorizar necessidades sanitárias por meio de amostras representativas de determinada população. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o conhecimento da população do município de Marília sobre leishmaniose, buscando identificar as particularidades da enfermidade que necessitam de maiores esclarecimentos. O estudo foi realizado por meio de inquérito populacional, com questões fechadas sobre o tema leishmaniose, abordando conceitos a respeito do conhecimento da enfermidade, formas de transmissão, agente etiológico, vetor e sintomatologia da doença. Do total de 420 pessoas entrevistadas, 91,19 % afirmaram conhecer a doença, porém apenas 69,71% destas conheciam de fato o vetor/forma de transmissão da enfermidade e 22,45% tinham conhecimento sobre onde o vetor se multiplica. Dos entrevistados que afirmaram conhecer a doença, 83,29% apontaram que humanos também podem adquirir a afecção e 40,99% disseram que cães podem ser curados. Os resultados demonstram que apesar de a maior parte da população de Marília afirmar conhecer a leishmaniose, ainda existe insuficiência de informações em alguns aspectos, frisando a necessidade de melhorias na divulgação de particularidades da enfermidade.

To evaluate and compare the functional and cosmetic results of eyes submitted to two types of keratoplasty in dogs with deep or perforating corneal lesions, the medical records of three surgeons were reviewed. Seventy-five eyes were included, treated with corneoconjunctival transposition (CCT) or porcine intestinal submucosal membrane graft (MSIS). Data such as gender, age, breed, affected eye, healing time, complications, vision and corneal transparency were reviewed. Eighty-five percent of eyes remained visual; being 23/25 (92%) with CCT, and 9/50 (82%) with MSIS. The two techniques proved to be efficient, and CCT had a shorter healing time and a lower rate of complications when compared to MSIS. The chance of graft dehiscence was 6 times greater when using the membrane (OR = 18.36 with 95% Confidence Interval CI: 1.043 – 323.1); and postoperative granulation was 18 times greater on the membrane (p = 0.003). The TCC group had a greater number of eyes with grade 1 opacity after 60 days (44%), and 80% of the eyes obtained grades 1 and 2, giving greater final transparency compared to those operated on with membrane.

Protothecosis is an uncommon disease caused by a unicellular algae primarily found in organic matter, which affects humans, cattle, dogs, and cats, with a reserved to poor prognosis. The infection typically begins in the gastrointestinal tract, presenting as refractory diarrhea that persists for months before progressing to a systemic infection, involving other organs such as the eyes. The objective of this study was to report two cases of protothecosis in dogs that initially presented with gastrointestinal symptoms for several months before developing visual deficits and blindness. The diagnosis was made through histopathological examination of the eye and testicle, aiming to raise awareness among veterinary colleagues about the differential diagnosis of protothecosis in patients with ocular alterations associated with gastrointestinal diseases.