Perspectives on integrated rural development in peninsular Malaysia

Fee, Wan Leong

doi:10.1016/0264-8377(85)90027-4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…For example, Harmse (2010) notes how South Africa applied the method of nodal (or “spatial”) development to direct necessary development resources to the selected rural areas with issues such as poverty and lack of infrastructure and capacity. Another example is related to an IRD project in Malaysia in the 1980s, which was carried out in two “divergent patterns”—one involving comprehensive or integrated development of the potential resources and the other involving rehabilitation or revitalization of existing agriculture areas that experience continual production decreases and extreme poverty (Fee, 1985, p. 290).…”

Section: Ird Implementation Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IRD can be categorized into two different types due to its function in rural development practices. First, IRD is defined as a strategy or philosophy for a country to plan and implement rural development policies that simultaneously reinforce economic growth, modernization of the production process and social improvement for rural masses (Aminuzzaman, 1982; Fee, 1985). Second, IRD is specified as a rural development project or program with a goal to facilitate rural development as a whole, or to strengthen the urban-rural relationship to integrate the rural poor into the social, political and economic life of the urban population to reduce the many different rural-urban disparities that exist (Cohen, 1980; Indrawati, 2014; Yudelman, 1976).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Integrated rural development from a historical and global perspective

Jacob

2018

AEDS

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Purpose With roots dating back to the early twentieth century, integrated rural development (IRD) is a term that became commonplace in international development circles in the 1960s and afterwards. Based largely on a dual concept of helping to meet basic needs and improve the overall quality of life of poor people from rural and remote regions within national contexts, IRD initiatives have undergone a series of shifts in emphases, approaches and funding schemes. The purpose of this paper is to document the historical background and development of IRD initiatives over time. Design/methodology/approach The research design for this study included a series of mixed data collection methods, including case study examples of best practices, interviews and a thorough review of the formal literature, as well as an in-depth examination of alternative and multi-media literature (e.g. project reports, policy reports, government reports, working papers, newspaper articles, internet publications, etc.). Findings The findings of this paper are divided into the following sections. First, key terms of IRD are defined. Next, the background and overview of IRD is introduced including addressing how IRD is viewed as an approach to development, its historical evolution over time, some major IRD initiatives and the major development organizations engaged in promoting IRD. Third, an examination of several IRD models is introduced based on recommended methodologies, noting the sequencing of interventions important to successful IRD initiatives, select examples of IRD initiatives built on public-private partnerships, and the positive and negative outcomes and impacts from select IRD approaches. Originality/value The final section focuses on conclusions and seven key recommendations (or ingredients) outlined by the author as essential for implementing successful IRD initiatives: first, create an enabling environment that is conducive and supportive of IRD; second, establish a National Policy Framework for Integrated Development, which includes IRD; third, establish supportive policies and a legal framework that is based on the National Policy Framework; fourth, include two or more sectoral approaches in the initiative (e.g. agriculture, education, health, employment, infrastructure and industry, environment, etc.); fifth, garner participation and commitment from all stakeholders during each of the planning, implementation and evaluation stages; sixth, secure initial seed capital and funding and afterwards sustained funding streams; and seventh, conduct continual monitoring and evaluation throughout the lifespan of the entire initiative with specific adherence to the four key principles of good governance: coordination, information flow, transparency and accountability.

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Section: Ird Implementation Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%