Perspectives on the chemical etiology of breast cancer.

DeBruin, Lillian S.; Josephy, P. David

doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s1119

Cited by 67 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…6,15 Several studies have confirmed MDR1 mRNA and protein expression in normal breast tissue and also in neoplastic breast tissue. 11 Exposure to some dietary and environmental carcinogens is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer 21 and PGP-transported drugs are used in breast cancer treatment. 5 However, little is known about the impact of the C3435T polymorphism on breast cancer development, treatment efficacy, and toxicity after therapy with PGP substrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDR1 (C3435T) polymorphism: relation to the risk of breast cancer and therapeutic outcome

et al. 2009

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P-glycoprotein (PGP), the product of the MDR1 gene, is a transmembrane active efflux pump for a variety of carcinogens and cytostatics. It has been suggested that MDR1 polymorphisms contribute to the variability in cancer risk and therapeutic outcome. We examined the relevance of C3435T polymorphism in relation to breast cancer susceptibility, clinical and pathological characteristics of breast carcinoma, the therapeutic response and hematologic toxicities after anthracycline-based chemotherapy. A significant association between allele frequencies and histological type, stage and histological grade was observed (P ¼ 0.024, 0.014, 0.006, respectively, w 2 -test or Fisher's exact test). We also found significantly higher (P ¼ 0.019, w 2 -test) T allele frequency in breast cancer patients (n ¼ 221) than in controls (n ¼ 113). A significantly enhanced therapeutic outcome after neoadjuvant therapy (n ¼ 38; P ¼ 0.021, Fisher's exact test) and longer time to progression after anthracycline-based chemotherapy (n ¼ 102; P ¼ 0.049, log-rank test) were observed in CC homozygotes. However, no significant association between hematologic toxicities and C3435T polymorphism was detectable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDR1 (C3435T) polymorphism: relation to the risk of breast cancer and therapeutic outcome

et al. 2009

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“…43 Tobacco smoking is a well-established risk factor for cancers of many organs, including lung, bladder, esophagus, head and neck, and pancreas. 26,31 -34 Besides, studies have also shown that chronic smoking could enhance the FASL expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes, which is believed to impair the immune function in smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The FAS ligand promoter polymorphism, rs763110 (−844C>T), contributes to cancer susceptibility: evidence from 19 case–control studies

et al. 2009

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The potentially functional polymorphism, rs763110 (À844C4T), in the promoter region of the FAS ligand (FASL) gene, has been implicated in cancer risk, but individually published studies show inconclusive results. To derive a more precise estimation of the association between the FASL rs763110 and risk of cancer, we performed a meta-analysis of 19 published studies that included 11 105 cancer cases and 11 372 controls. We used odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the associations. Overall, the rs763110 CT and TT variant genotypes were associated with a significantly reduced cancer risk of all cancer types in different genetic models (homozygote comparison: OR ¼ 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68-0.95, P heterogeneity ¼ 0.001; heterozygote comparison: OR ¼ 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72 -0.95, P heterogeneity o0.001; dominant model comparison: OR ¼ 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71 -0.94, P heterogeneity o0.001; and recessive model comparison: OR ¼ 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81 -0.96, P heterogeneity ¼ 0.074). In the stratified analyses, the risk remained for studies of the smoking-related cancers and Asian populations, or population-based studies in all the genetic models. Although some modest bias could not be eliminated, this meta-analysis suggests that the FASL rs763110 T allele has a possible protective effect on cancer risk.

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“…They are also found in environmental pollution from diesel exhausts, the combustion of wood chips and rubber, tobacco smoke and substances in grilled meats and fish (DeBruin et al, 1999;DeBruin & Josephy (2002).…”

Section: Structure Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diaminomesitylene

Brihi

Hamdouni

Boulcina³

et al. 2016

IUCr Data

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The title compound, C 9 H 14 N 2 (systematic name: 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3-diamine), is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.025 Å ). In the crystal, molecules are linked via N-HÁ Á ÁN hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains along the b-axis direction. Only one of the four N-bonded H atoms forms a hydrogen bond, perhaps due to steric crowding. The chains are linked by C-HÁ Á Á interactions, forming sheets lying parallel to the bc plane Structure descriptionAromatic amines are a class of chemicals found in the plastic and chemical industries as byproducts of the manufacture of compounds such as polyurethane foams, dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and semiconductors. They are also found in environmental pollution from diesel exhausts, the combustion of wood chips and rubber, tobacco smoke and substances in grilled meats and fish (DeBruin et al., 1999;DeBruin & Josephy (2002).The structure of dibromomesitylene (DBM) was resolved by neutron diffraction at 120 and 14 K. It crystallizes in the space group P21/n (Hernandez et al., 2003). As part of our project which aims to study new substituted mesitylene or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene compounds, for example 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene (Brihi et al., 2015), we report herein on the synthesis and crystal structure of the title compound.The molecular structure of the title compound, also know as diaminomesitylene (DAM), is illustrated in the Fig. 1. The non-H atoms are almost coplanar, r.m.s. deviation = 0.025 Å , with a maximum deviation of 0.044 (2) Å for atom C11, which lies between the amine groups. The crystal packing is illustrated in Fig. 2, which shows the zigzag N-HÁ Á ÁN hydrogen-bonded chains along [010], which are linked via C-HÁ Á Á interactions forming sheets parallel to the bc plane (Table 1).

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Perspectives on the chemical etiology of breast cancer.

Cited by 67 publications

References 157 publications

MDR1 (C3435T) polymorphism: relation to the risk of breast cancer and therapeutic outcome

MDR1 (C3435T) polymorphism: relation to the risk of breast cancer and therapeutic outcome

The FAS ligand promoter polymorphism, rs763110 (−844C>T), contributes to cancer susceptibility: evidence from 19 case–control studies

Diaminomesitylene

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