“…For dual firms, the ability of the chairman to act as a "collective learning enabler" by indentifying and overcoming "learning challenges" will determine the ability of the board to transform individual inputs (human, social and cultural capital) into collective learning (i.e., shared understanding and decision and improved "board collective social capital"). Reference [19] framework for board effectiveness supported on the concept of "intellectual capital" and the literature on Chairman/NED role competencies and skills 7,22,31,38,39,75,85,88,89] give support to the model's [ Table 2). We draw the "board learning challenges" [B] (see Table 1) from the literature on learning organisations [4,[16][17][18]56,70] of which there is little record of research in the context of boards, despite some suggestions that we could apply earlier concepts of the Behavioural Theory of the Firm to boardroom dynamics [11].…”