“…Second, its focus has shifted from the need to secure access rights to focus on resource extraction and use and this shift has been coupled with neglecting local community-based resource management and security (Dalla Fontana et al, 2020; Neubert, 2019). Third, the Nexus resource sustainability imperative does not consider local livelihood enhancement or access to and control over resources (Biggs et al, 2015; Neubert, 2019; Swatuk and Cash, 2018). As a result, not only does this forestall consideration of the broader drivers for the Nexus resources such as subsidies, trade agreements, global value chain trends, aid and geopolitics, but it also poses the danger of overlooking the resulting depletion of the resource base and intensification of climate risk to smallholder resource users.…”