Perubahan Bahasa Aceh: Tinjauan Realitas Penggunaan Bahasa Aceh dalam Interaksi Sosial di Aceh

Abstract

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perubahan bahasa Aceh pada aspek leksikal dalam realitas tuturan penutur bahasa Aceh sehari-hari. Metode penelitian kualitatif pula telah ditetapkan sebagai metode penelitian untuk keseluruhan aktivitas penelitian. Dua kelompok penutur bilingual, yaitu masyarakat etnis Aceh (Aceh-Indonesia) penutur dua bahasa, yaitu bahasa Aceh dan bahasa Indonesia dalam interaksi sosial sehari-hari dan masyarakat etnis Aceh bilingual (Aceh-Indonesia) yang menggunakan bahasa Aceh dalam interaksi sosial telah ditetapkan sebagai sumber data. Kajian dijalankan pada tiga kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Aceh, yaitu Kota Banda Aceh, Kabupaten Aceh Besar, dan Kabupaten Aceh Jaya dengan melibatkan partisipan usia kanak-kanak, usia dewasa, dan usia tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan leksikal bahasa wujud dalam bentuk kehilangan leksikal, peminjaman leksikal, dan penciptaan leksikal. Faktor penyebab perubahan leksikal bahasa Aceh yang paling dominan adalah faktor motivasi eksternal. Simpulan hasil kajian ini adalah perubahan leksikal bahasa Aceh dalam konteks penutur bilingual telah berlangsung, sedang berlangsung, dan memiliki potensi akan terus berlangsung sejalan dengan perubahan sosial masyarakat akibat kemajuan zaman.

Acehnese parents’ attitudes and their implications in the intergenerational transmission of the heritage language

“…Acehnese parents felt embarrassed to speak their heritage language in 'cool' places and they wanted their Indonesian language to be free of influences from their Acehnese dialect(s) because they associate people who speak Acehnese as unsophisticated country people, low class, and less educated. This is in line with the results of some previous studies (Alamsyah et al, 2011;Aziz & Amery, 2016;Aziz et al, 2021) that Acehnese people only use Acehnese to their close friends or close relative, and speak Acehnese with people considered from lower social backgrounds. On the contrary, Indonesian is associated with a high-class community that is spoken by educated people; it is a prestigious language that is used in 'cool' places.…”

“…It is a phenomenon today that parents dominantly speak Indonesian at home to their children. Therefore, these parents have gradually stopped speaking Acehnese as the first language to their children because they consider that Indonesian is much more focal to master than their local language (Alamsyah et al, 2011;Aziz et al, 2021;Yusuf, e al., 2022).…”

“…The more education they have, the more they are exposed to Indonesian, and the speakers are expected to use more Indonesian (Abtahian & Quinn, 2017;Al-Auwal, 2017;Idaryani & Fidyati, 2022). In addition, among those who live in urban areas such as Banda Aceh, many children in these families speak Indonesian as their mother tongue instead of the local language(s) (Alamsyah et al, 2011).…”

“…Subsequently, it is a trend today that Acehnese parents are reluctant to use their local language and prefer the Indonesian language to their children at home (Aziz et al, 2021;Muhammad, 2013;Yusuf, e al., 2022). One of the reasons is that the parents are concerned about their children having a lack of ability in speaking Indonesian when they enter school (Alamsyah et al, 2011). Consequently, many young children are only able to speak little Acehnese or even not at all.…”

“…Several previous studies have been conducted on the use of the Acehnese language among young Acehnese (Al-Auwal, 2017;Alamsyah et al, 2011;Aziz et.al., 2021), the use of Acehnese in intermarriage families Ulfa, 2018), and the attitudes on the use of Acehnese among young parents in the home (Aziz et.al., 2020;Yusuf et al, 2022). Hence, it is crucial to understand parents' attitudes toward their heritage language in the process of transmitting their heritage language to their children in their homes as a mother tongue.…”