Pest categorisation of Spodoptera frugiperda

Jeger, Michael; Bragard, Claude; Caffier, David; Candresse, Thierry; Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet; Dehnen‐Schmutz, Katharina; Gilioli, Gianni; Grégoire, Jean‐Claude; Miret, Josep Anton Jaques; Navarro, María Navajas; Niere, Björn; Parnell, Stephen; Potting, Roel; Rafoss, Trond; Rossi, Vittorio; Urek, Gregor; Bruggen, Ariena Van; Werf, Wopke Van der; West, Jonathan; Winter, Stephan; Gardi, Ciro; Aukhojee, Mitesha; MacLeod, Alan

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4927

Cited by 41 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…If the species can survive year-round in North Africa, then seasonal migrations into Europe could also occur. This would pose a severe threat to agriculture in Europe, and the fall armyworm is classed as a Quarantine Pest for the EU 17 . Further afield, the fall armyworm’s wide distribution in the Americas and Africa suggest that it could establish easily in East and Southeast Asia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm

Early

González‐Moreno²,

Murphy³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a crop pest native to the Americas, which has invaded and spread throughout sub-Saharan Africa within two years. Recent estimates of 20-50% maize yield loss in Africa suggest severe damage to livelihoods. Fall armyworm is still infilling its potential range in Africa, and could spread to other continents. In order to understand fall armyworm’s year-round, global, potential distribution, we used evidence of the effects of temperature and precipitation on fall armyworm life-history, combined with data on native and African distributions to construct Species Distribution Models (SDMs). Fall armyworm has only invaded areas that have a climate similar to the native distribution, validating the use of climatic SDMs. The strongest climatic limits on fall armyworm’s year-round distribution are the coldest annual temperature and the amount of rain in the wet season. Much of sub-Saharan Africa can host year-round fall armyworm populations, but the likelihoods of colonising North Africa and seasonal migrations into Europe are hard to predict. South and Southeast Asia and Australia have climate that would permit fall armyworm to invade. Current trade and transportation routes reveal Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand face high threat of fall armyworm invasions originating from Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm

Early

González‐Moreno²,

Murphy³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (Goergen et al 2016;Jeger et al 2017). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FAW has no winter diapause (Sparks 1979) and its wintering range is constrained to warmer regions such as southern Florida and southern Texas in the United States . In 2016 it became invasive on the African continent where massive crop damages have been observed across sub-Saharan Africa in less than a year (Goergen et al 2016;Jeger et al 2017). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional differences between the two host strains ofSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Orsucci

Moné

Audiot

et al. 2018

Preprint

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crops such as corn, sorghum and soybean. While FAW larvae are considered polyphagous, differences in diet preference have been described between two genetic variants: the Corn strain (sf-C) and the Rice strain (sf-R). These two strains are sometimes considered as distinct species, raising the hypothesis that host plant specialization might have driven their divergence. Ecological speciation takes place when adaptations to different ecological niches lead to the reproductive isolation of two populations. Under this hypothesis, we expect that the transcriptional response to the host plants should affect differently the fitness of the two FAW strains. We also expect that these genes should also be linked to a reproductive isolation mechanism between the strains. In this study, we performed controlled reciprocal transplant (RT) experiments to address the impact of plant diet on several traits linked to the fitness of the sf-C and sf-R strains. The phenotypical data suggest that sf-C is specialized to corn. We then used RNA-Seq to analyze the gene expression of FAW larvae from RT experiments. We show that each strain has a different response to the same plant diets. However, we also found constitutive transcriptional differences between strains in laboratory and in natural populations. In particular, we show that mitochondrial transcription is the main difference between strains. A difference in mitochondrial function may be the basis for a shift in host plant and could be involved in hybrid incompatibility, raising the hypothesis that mitochondrial genome is the main target of selection between the two strains.. CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (Goergen et al. 2016;Jeger et al. 2017).The FAW is a polyphagous species, being documented on over 100 plants from 27 different families (Pogue 2002). However, using allozymes electrophoresis monitoring, a significant genetic heterogeneity has been observed in FAW . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/263186 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Mar. 5, 2018; 4 populations that was associated with feeding preferences (Pashley et al. 1985;Pashley 1986). One genetic haplotype was mostly found on corn (Zea mais), sorghum (Sorghum spp.) and cotton (Gossypium spp.) and was named the corn strain (sf-C). Another haplotype was found associated to individuals collected on smaller grasses such as turf, pasture (Cynodon dactylon) grasses and rice (Oryza spp.), and has been named the rice strain (sf-R) (Pashley 1988). Subsequent studies have confirmed these genetic differences on markers such as the mitochondrial gene Pashley and Martin 1987;Pashley, Hammond, and Hardy 1992). In order to detect post-zygotic...

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“…Although S. eridania has been reported from California (Capinera, 2011; Capinera, 2014 cited in CDFA, 2016), the California Department of Food and Agriculture states that it has never been found in the environment of California but intercepted four times on bell peppers, cilantro, tree fern, and Asparagus sperengeri from Florida (CDFA, 2016). (Casmuz et al, 2010;EFSA PLH Panel, 2017), such a preference for any plant family is not found in S. eridiana (Montezano et al, 2014). The same authors report the occurrence of this species in crops of regional importance, which highlights the versatility and ability of this species to rapidly adapt in various regions of the Americas,…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…(), S. eridania has been found on at least 202 natural host plants in 58 botanical families, including both cultivated and non‐crop plants that could be considered as weeds (Appendix A). Compared to its close relative S. frugiperda Walker, for which 186 host plants have been cited with a clear preference for Poaceae (66 species) (Casmuz et al., ; EFSA PLH Panel, ), such a preference for any plant family is not found in S. eridiana (Montezano et al., ). The same authors report the occurrence of this species in crops of regional importance, which highlights the versatility and ability of this species to rapidly adapt in various regions of the Americas, feeding on cultivated plants including alfalfa, bean, beet, cabbage, cassava, cotton, maize, potato, soybean, sweet potato, and tomato, but also exploiting weeds as alternative hosts used by females for oviposition and by larger larvae when migrating.…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Spodoptera eridania

Bragard¹,

Dehnen‐Schmutz²,

Serio³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for the European Union (EU). S. eridania (southern armyworm) is a highly polyphagous pest native to the Americas which has spread to Africa being first reported there in 2016. There are multiple generations per year. Although it can endure short freezing periods, prolonged frosts are lethal. Eggs are laid in batches on the leaves of host plants. Five to seven larval instars follow. Like other armyworms, early instars are gregarious and cause leaf skeletonisation. Older instars disperse and become more solitary and nocturnal. Larvae feed on field vegetables and can bore into tomato fruit. They can eat apical portions of branches and can bore into stems and tubers if preferred foods are scarce. Pupation takes place in the soil. S. eridania is regulated in the EU by Directive 2000/29/EC (Annex IAI). Within this Directive, a prohibition of soil imported from countries where S. eridania occurs, prevents the entry of S. eridania pupae. However, immature stages on plants (excluding seeds), fruit and flowers provide potential pathways for entry into the EU. S. eridania adults have been intercepted in the EU as hitchhikers. Climatic conditions and the wide availability of host plants provide conditions to support establishment in frost-free regions of the EU. It could spread more widely forming transient populations during summer months. Impacts on field vegetables and ornamentals would be possible. Phytosanitary measures are available to reduce the likelihood of entry. S. eridania satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest. S. eridania does not meet the criteria of (a) occurring in the EU, and (b) plants for planting being the principal means of spread for it to be regarded as a potential Union regulated non-quarantine pest.

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Pest categorisation of Spodoptera frugiperda

Cited by 41 publications

References 52 publications

Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm

Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm

Transcriptional differences between the two host strains ofSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Pest categorisation of Spodoptera eridania

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