Peste des petits ruminants antibodies in east Africa

Wamwayi, H.; Rossiter, P. B.; Kariuki, D. P.; Wafula, J. S.; Barrett, Tom; Anderson, John

doi:10.1136/vr.136.8.199

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The entire country was chosen because first, there were many isolated PPR disease outbreaks reported throughout the country (Wamwayi et al 1995). Second, sheep and goats are kept under agro-pastoral and pastoral systems where they move freely within the country and across borders, thus increasing the likelihood of PPR spread in times of outbreaks.…”

Section: Selection Of Areas To Target For Ppr Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence study to determine the effectiveness of Peste de Petits Ruminants vaccination in Somalia

Njue

Saeed

Maloo³

et al. 2018

Pastoralism

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Peste de Petits Ruminants (PPR) is an acute or sub-acute highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants caused by morbillivirus and associated with high mortality and morbidity rates in naïve populations, colossal economic losses, reduced production and productivity as well as high control costs. Sero-surveys conducted in Somalia between 2006 and 2009 revealed sero-prevalence of 6.5% in north-western Somalia, 28.7% in north-eastern Somalia, 32.6% in central Somalia and 37.6% in southern Somalia. Somalia, like other countries in conflict, has limited capacity to control PPR. In this regard, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) conducted country-wide PPR vaccination campaigns covering the five zones of Somalia, namely, Banadir, central, north-eastern, north-western and southern using a public-private partnership approach. Approximately 20 million sheep and goats constituting 60% of the estimated Somalia national small ruminant population were targeted for vaccination in entire Somalia in 2012. Data on vaccination was captured using FAO's Form Monitoring Tool (FMT) software. The overall unit cost of PPR vaccination was estimated to be USD 0.28 per animal. Two serological surveys were conducted before and after the vaccination campaigns where a two-stage cluster sampling methodology was used to collect sera samples for analysis. The results showed an overall increase in individual animal sero-prevalence from 62 to 76% after PPR vaccination campaign. This paper primarily focuses on practicality of PPR control in Somalia, a conflict-affected and fragile zone, which can be adopted by other countries.

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Section: Selection Of Areas To Target For Ppr Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence study to determine the effectiveness of Peste de Petits Ruminants vaccination in Somalia

Njue

Saeed

Maloo³

et al. 2018

Pastoralism

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“…PPRV is found in West Africa, East Africa, the Middle East, Bangladesh, Pakistan and India (Taylor 1984;Wamwayi et al 1995;Shaila et al 1989), but, as yet, no large scale vaccination programmes have been launched to eradicate the disease which is still widespread. Generally, RPV only causes disease in large ruminants, such as cattle and buffalo, and PPRV only in small ruminants such as goats and sheep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The detection of antibody against peste des petits ruminants virus in Sheep, Goats, Cattle and Buffaloes

Khan

Siddique

Rahman

et al. 2008

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) has been used for the specific measurement of antibodies to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) viruses in sheep, goats, cattle and buffalo. Serum samples from sheep (n = 232), goats (n = 428), cattle (n = 43), buffalo (n = 89) were tested. The animals had not been vaccinated against rinderpest or PPR. Findings suggested that the sero-positive cases were significantly higher in sheep (51.29%) than in goats (39.02%) (P = 0.002). The overall sero-prevalence of PPRV in small ruminants was 43.33%. The PPR antibodies seroprevalence was 67.42% in buffalo and 41.86% in cattle which was significantly higher in buffalo (P = 0.005). The overall sero-prevalence of PPRV in large ruminants was 59.09%. Cattle and buffalo sera showed a high prevalence of antibody against PPR virus which may explain the difficulty experienced in achieving high post-vaccination immunity levels against rinderpest. Because antibodies against PPR virus are both cross-neutralizing and cross-protective against rinderpest virus, further vaccination in the presence of antibodies against PPR virus may be a waste of national resources. It was also suggested that antibodies to PPR virus could prevent an immune response to the rinderpest vaccine. This paper presents serological evidence for the transmission of PPR virus from sheep and goats to cattle and buffalo and highlights the need to include PPR serology in the sero-monitoring programme to give a better indication of national herd immunity of sheep and goats against PPR.

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“…The presence of PPR in Ethiopia has been clinically suspected since 1977 but was confirmed for the first time in 1991 from an outbreak near Addis Ababa (17) and is now endemic (18). The circulation of the disease across Eastern Africa was subsequently shown through the detection of the virus and/or of antibodies to PPRV in Kenya (1999), Uganda (2005 and 2007) and more recently in Tanzania (2010) (19)(20)(21)(22). PPR is nowadays widely spread in the whole of Africa and is endemic in most eastern African countries (2,23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Multicriteria Evaluation for Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Eastern Africa and the Union of the Comoros

et al. 2019

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Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), responsible for peste des petits ruminants (PPR), is widely circulating in Africa and Asia. The disease is a huge burden for the economy and development of the affected countries. In Eastern Africa, the disease is considered endemic. Because of the geographic proximity and existing trade between eastern African countries and the Comoros archipelago, the latter is at risk of introduction and spread, and the first PPR outbreaks occurred in the Union of the Comoros in 2012. The objective of this study was to map the areas suitable for PPR occurrence and spread in the Union of the Comoros and four eastern African countries, namely Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Multicriteria Evaluation (MCE) was developed. Risk factors for PPR occurrence and spread, and their relative importance, were identified using literature review and expert-based knowledge. Corresponding geographic data were collected, standardized, and combined based on a weighted linear combination to obtain PPR suitability maps. The accuracy of the maps was assessed using outbreak data from the EMPRES database and a ROC curve analysis. Our model showed an excellent ability to distinguish between absence and presence of outbreaks in Eastern Africa (AUC = 0.907; 95% CI [0.820-0.994]), and a very good performance in the Union of the Comoros (AUC = 0.889, 95% CI: [0.694-1]). These results highlight the efficiency of the GIS-MCE method, which can be applied at different geographic scales: continental, national and local. The resulting maps provide decision support tools for implementation of disease surveillance and control measures, thus contributing to the PPR eradication goal of OIE and FAO by 2030.

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Peste des petits ruminants antibodies in east Africa

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Sero-prevalence study to determine the effectiveness of Peste de Petits Ruminants vaccination in Somalia

Sero-prevalence study to determine the effectiveness of Peste de Petits Ruminants vaccination in Somalia

The detection of antibody against peste des petits ruminants virus in Sheep, Goats, Cattle and Buffaloes

Spatial Multicriteria Evaluation for Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Eastern Africa and the Union of the Comoros

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