Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Vulnerable Wild Small Ruminants, Iran, 2014–2016

Marashi, Mahmoud; Masoudi, Siamak; Moghadam, Majid Kharazian; Modirrousta, H.; Marashi, Mahyar; Parvizifar, Masoumeh; Dargi, Majid; Saljooghian, Mahyar; Homan, Farbod; Hoffmann, Bernd; Schulz, Claudia; Starick, Elke; Beer, Martin; Fereidouni, Sasan

doi:10.3201/eid2304.161218

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…On the other hand, white-tail deer challenged with PPRV exhibited clinical signs similar to those in goat (29). Abundant reports of natural infection of PPR disease in gazelles, ibexes, bharals, wild goats (Capra aegagrus), wild sheep (Ovis orientalis) have also been documented (7,14,20,22,23,26,31). Additionally, Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) and Afghan Markhor goat (Capra falconeri) died from PPRV infection, which belongs to lineage IV (21).…”

Section: Ppr Infection In Typical Host or Small Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Expanding Diversity of Susceptible Hosts in Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection and Its Potential Mechanism Beyond

et al. 2020

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a severe respiratory and digestive tract disease of domestic small ruminants caused by PPR virus (PPRV) of the genus Morbillivirus. Although the primary hosts of PPRV are goats and sheep, the host range of PPRV has been continuously expanding and reported to infect various animal hosts over the last decades, which could bring a potential challenge to effectively control and eradicate PPR globally. In this review, we focused on current knowledge about host expansion and interspecies infection of PPRV and discussed the potential mechanisms involved.

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Section: Ppr Infection In Typical Host or Small Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Expanding Diversity of Susceptible Hosts in Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection and Its Potential Mechanism Beyond

et al. 2020

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“…The effect of PPR on wildlife, particularly smaller ruminants, is currently unclear. PPR has resulted in high mortalities in Asian wildlife, including Ovis orientalis (Wild Sheep), Capra aegagrus (Goat) and Gazella subgutturosa (Blacktailed Gazelle) in Iran (Marashi et al 2017) and several wildlife species kept in captivity (Munir 2014). Should PPR successfully invade South Africa, the possibility exists that it could cause a wide-scale outbreak affecting either or both domestic livestock and wildlife.…”

Section: The Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens of Vertebrate Animals as Invasive Species: Insights from South Africa

Helden¹,

Helden

Meiring

2020

Biological Invasions in South Africa

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The study of disease organisms as invasive alien species has not received a great deal of attention in the field of invasion science. Introduced pathogens can have profound effects on living organisms, the ecosystems that they inhabit, and the economies that the ecosystems support. In this chapter, we use case studies of introduced diseases of domestic and wild animals (canine rabies, bovine tuberculosis, and rinderpest) and humans (smallpox, measles and human immunodeficiency virus, HIV) to illustrate the kinds of effects that these pathogens can have. The most dramatic impact to date was that of rinderpest, which caused the death of millions of cattle, and practically annihilated certain forms of wildlife from large parts of southern Africa. This in turn impacted severely on the region's economy, and resulted in large-scale changes to the structure and dynamics of ecosystems. Rinderpest has been eradicated globally, but both canine rabies and bovine tuberculosis remain, and ongoing vigilance and management will be required to contain them. Of the human diseases, smallpox has also been eradicated globally, but the effect of the disease, introduced by European colonists, was devastating. In the early 1700s, a large proportion (up to 90% in some communities) of the indigenous Khoekhoe people died, destroying their culture and way of life, and leaving the few survivors to be recruited as farm labourers. HIV, first detected in South Africa in 1982 has also had substantial impacts and antiretroviral treatment alone currently costs the government ZAR 66.4 billion annually. We also include West Nile Virus and African Swine Fever as examples of diseases that originated in Africa, and that may yet become globally destructive. We predict that new diseases will emerge as humans continue to expand their range into wild areas, and as trade volumes increase.

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“…In 2002, 200 semi‐ranging gazelles in Saudi Arabia were infected with PPR, and the morbidity rate was 51%, while the case mortality rate was 100% (Elzein et al., ). A recent report showed that more than 1,000 wild small ruminants in Iran died from PPR infection during 2014–2016, indicating their high susceptibility to it (Marashi et al., ). In contrast, a natural SRMV infection was recognized in Goitered gazelle ( Gazella subgutturosa ) in Turkey, with low mortality compared to other susceptible wild species.…”

Section: Infection Of Ppr In Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

Peste des petits ruminants in China since its first outbreak in 2007: A 10-year review

Liu

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly infectious disease of small ruminants and caused by small ruminant morbillivirus (SRMV), formerly called peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV). This disease is circulating in Africa (except most countries in southern Africa), the Arabian Peninsula, the Middle East, and Central, East and South-East Asia. Peste des petits ruminants is still regarded as an exotic disease in China, where its first outbreak was reported in the Ngari region of Tibet in 2007, but effectively controlled by slaughter, vaccination and animal movement restriction in PPR-infected areas. However, PPR re-emerged in Xinjiang of China in December 2013, rapidly spread into much of China in the first half of 2014, but since then was substantially inhibited countrywide. Phylogenetic analysis shows that SRMVs from China share the highest homology with others from its neighbouring countries, possibly indicating the transboundary transmission of SRMVs. In 2015, a national eradication program for PPR was issued and has been being implemented in China, expecting to achieve a PPR-eradicating aim countrywide by 2020. Here, we reviewed a 10-year history (2007-2017) of PPR in China, including two major outbreaks, its infection in wild species, development of diagnostics and vaccines, and implementation of the national eradication program.

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Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Vulnerable Wild Small Ruminants, Iran, 2014–2016

Cited by 40 publications

References 7 publications

Expanding Diversity of Susceptible Hosts in Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection and Its Potential Mechanism Beyond

Expanding Diversity of Susceptible Hosts in Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection and Its Potential Mechanism Beyond

Pathogens of Vertebrate Animals as Invasive Species: Insights from South Africa

Peste des petits ruminants in China since its first outbreak in 2007: A 10-year review

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