Pesticide content of infant formulae and weaning foods available in New Zealand

Abstract

A survey of the pesticide content of 25 commercially available infant formulae and 30 weaning foods available in New Zealand was undertaken in 1996. It included a representative mixture of imported and New Zealand manufactured infant foods. Three different pesticide screening techniques were used: a high-sensitivity organochlorine screen was carried out on all infant formulae, while a multiresidue screen (organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides, synthetic pyrethroids, carbamate pesticides, fungicides and herbicides), and a specific screen for dithiocarbamate fungicides were both carried out on all weaning foods and on soy-based infant formulae. All results are expressed on a ready-to-feed basis. Extremely low levels of residues of three organochlorine compounds (p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT and dieldrin) were detected in infant formulae samples. Residues of p,p'-DDE were found in seven of 20 milk-based infant formulae at concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.5 microgram kg(-1). Residues of p,p'-DDT were found in one imported milk-based infant formula at 0.7 microgram kg(-1), and dieldrin residues were detected in four of five soy-based infant formulae at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.08 microgram kg(-1). The multiresidue pesticide screen detected low levels of residues of two organophosphorus pesticides; azinphos-methyl in one soy-based infant formula at a level of 22 microgram kg(-1) and pirimiphos-methyl in two cereal-based weaning foods at concentrations of 5 and 14 microgram kg(-1). None of the other approximately 140 pesticides (including fungicides and herbicides) included in the multiresidue screen were detected in any weaning foods or soy-based infant formulae, at a detection limit of 10 microgram kg(-1). No residues of dithiocarbamate fungicides were detected in any product analysed, at a detection limit of 100 microgram kg(-1).

Environmental Chemicals in Breast Milk and Formula: Exposure and Risk Assessment Implications

“…No U.S. data on this group of chemicals in infant formula was identified. In New Zealand, the organochlorine pesticides p,p ′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene ( p,p ′-DDE), p,p ′-DDT, and dieldrin were measured in a survey of 25 commercially available formula samples obtained in 1998 (Cressey and Vannoort 2003); the formula types included cow’s milk–based, soy protein, protein hydrolysate, low-birth-weight, and follow-on formulas. Positive occurrences were infrequent (the highest detection frequency was 7 of 25 samples for p,p ′-DDE), with all concentrations <0.7μg/kg.…”