Pesticide exposure and related health problems among farmworkers’ children: a case-control study in southeast Iran

Abdollahdokht, Danial; Asadikaram, Gholamreza; Abolhassani, Moslem; Pourghadamyari, Hossein; Abbasi-Jorjandi, Mojtaba; Faramarz, Sanaz; Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-14319-1

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…These results corresponded to the nonsignificant changes we noticed in the PChE and EChE activities of the same farmworkers. However, farmworkers exposed to pesticides with reduced blood ChE activities were reported to show concomitantly oxidative stress, which was revealed as increases in oxidative stress biomarkers in the blood such as plasma MDA level, TAS, and total antioxidant capacity [8, 23,46,47]. It is worth mentioning that nonsignificant changes in oxidative stress biomarkers could be expected concomitantly with no ChE inhibition [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood cholinesterase activities and oxidative stress status among farmworkers using pesticides in Duhok, KRG, Iraq

Odisho¹,

Mohammad²

2022

jidhealth

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Background: The use of pesticides by farmworkers poses considerable health risks. This study was undertaken to examine plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities, plasma oxidative biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant status (TAS) among farmworkers using different pesticide products in Duhok, northern of Iraq. Methods: This is a case-control study conducted between November 2021 to July 2022 on 92 male farmworkers who were exposed to pesticides in comparison with 44 non-exposed male subjects (control). The availability and uses of pesticides were obtained from 19 agrochemical shops and the farmworkers exposed to pesticides. Demographic data of pesticide-exposed farmworkers and their practice of pesticide applications were recorded. Plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities and plasma MDA and TAS levels were determined in both groups. Results: The farmworkers had a significant 10.0% increase in plasma MDA level, with no significant changes in blood cholinesterase activities or the TAS level. Odds and risk ratios of reduced plasma cholinesterase activity (20.0%) suggested an association of health risks in pesticide-exposed farmworkers. Most of the pesticide products (278) in use were insecticides (47.0%), which comprised mainly 26.0% pyrethroids and 3.0-7.0% anticholinesterase insecticides, among others. The majority of the farmworkers (51%) were merely aware of the general target use of the pesticide, and 75% had an exposure history of > 5 years. Pesticide application was mostly (50.0%) manual, and 54.0% used insufficient personal protection equipment; 32.0% ate and drank at work, 48.0% practiced disposal of empty pesticide containers by burning and/or burying them, whereas 25.0% dumped the containers indiscriminately, and 25% disposed them at garbage sites openly. Conclusion: The farmworkers, with only a marginal increase in oxidative stress biomarker MDA, did not suffer from significant reductions in blood cholinesterase activities, although odds and risk ratios of reduced plasma cholinesterase activity suggested a health risk. Implementation of a national program is needed to measure pre-exposure blood cholinesterase activities in farmworkers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood cholinesterase activities and oxidative stress status among farmworkers using pesticides in Duhok, KRG, Iraq

Odisho¹,

Mohammad²

2022

jidhealth

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“…The purity of the water in lake and other water sources can be polluted by synthetic pesticides and other agro-chemicals (Sharma 2015). Uncontrolled use of pesticides and herbicides in agriculture may alter the quality of products and bioaccumulate in higher levels of trophic structure, similar to how humans can change the activities of different enzymes in body, resulting in a number of health issues (Abdollahdokht et al 2021). Chemicals such as pest interact with water differently according to their chemical and physical characteristics.…”

Section: Agro-chemical Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and Impacts of Water Pollution on Various water bodies in the State of Rajasthan, India: A Review

Kumar,

Mishra

2024

Environment and Ecology

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Water quality and water resources make an impression on the social, economic and political advancement of society. With the rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization linked with economic and social needs, the pollution of water has reached a level of no return. Water is defined as harmful for human and aquatic lives when it is become contaminated by unexpected substances such as heavy metals, agricultural and industrial chemicals, hydrocarbon fuels, radioactive materials, sewage, pharmaceutical drugs, and biologic agents such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. This water is considered polluted or contaminated (Bagul et al. 2015), The problem of water pollution becomes more hazardous in a region where availability of water is critically less like the state of Rajasthan (Coyte et al. 2019). The situation of surface water pollution in arid and semi-arid areas of state is alarming. We know that every living being needs water for their survival. All living being intake water directly or indirectly from various water resources. Intake of polluted water would be harmful for them. Transport of bio-accumulative pollutants to food chain makes the situation more grievous. So, it is the need of the hour to examine the magnitude and range of water pollution in the water bodies, especially in the state like Rajasthan. In the present scenario we can’t prevent water to being polluted totally but the scaling down of pollution is imperative. It is high time to take some steps to educate and spread awareness to the people regarding this alarming issue.

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“…They can harm humans and animals via skin absorption, inhalation, and dietary intake, as well as contaminating the environment [2]. Improper use of pesticides in agriculture leads to changes in the level of antioxidant and oxidant enzymes in the human body, and thus results in the development of diseases caused by oxidative stress [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional agrochemicals towards nano-biopesticides: an overview on recent advances

Abdollahdokht

Gao

Faramarz

et al. 2022

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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109

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Pesticides are classified into several groups based on their structure, including fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, bactericides, and rodenticides. Pesticides are toxic to both humans and pests. For pest control, a very small amount of pesticides reach their target pests. Therefore, nearly all pesticides move through the environment and exert adverse effects on beneficial biota and public health. These chemicals pollute the water, soil, and atmosphere of the ecosystem. Agricultural workers in greenhouses and open fields, exterminators of house pests, and workers in the pesticide industry are occupationally exposed to pesticides. Pesticide exposure in the general population primarily happens through the consumption of food and water contaminated with pesticide residues; however, substantial exposure can also occur outside or inside the house. Currently, intelligent, responsive, biodegradable, and biocompatible materials have attracted considerable interest for the formulation of green, safe, and efficient pesticides. It was indicated that utilizing nanotechnology to design and prepare targeted pesticides with an environmentally responsive controlled release via chemical modifications and compounds offers great potential for creating new formulations. Furthermore, biopesticides include microbial pesticides, which are naturally happening biochemical pesticides. In addition, pesticidal substances generated by plants with added genetic materials, i.e., plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs), have emerged. Based on the foregoing evidence, various types of pesticides are summarized in this review for the first time. Here, new pesticides including nano-pesticides and biopesticides are discussed while focusing on the most recent findings on targeted and safe nano-formulated biopesticides and nano-pesticides. Graphical Abstract

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Pesticide exposure and related health problems among farmworkers’ children: a case-control study in southeast Iran

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Blood cholinesterase activities and oxidative stress status among farmworkers using pesticides in Duhok, KRG, Iraq

Blood cholinesterase activities and oxidative stress status among farmworkers using pesticides in Duhok, KRG, Iraq

Causes and Impacts of Water Pollution on Various water bodies in the State of Rajasthan, India: A Review

Conventional agrochemicals towards nano-biopesticides: an overview on recent advances

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