Pesticide Residues in Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Henan Province of China in 2020

Abstract

BackgroundPesticides are widely used in agricultural production to control insect pests and regulate plant growth in China, which may result in the presence of some pesticide residues in the vegetables. However, few studies of monitoring pesticides have been conducted in Henan Province. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of pesticide residues in commonly consumed vegetables in the regions of Henan Province.MethodsIn this study, we collected 5,576 samples of 15 different vegetables in 17 areas from Henan Province during 2020. Eight kinds of pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), including procymidone, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, pendimethalin, isocarbophos, isazophos, fenthion and deltamethrin. The chi-square test was used to compare the detection rates of pesticide residues in different regions.ResultsOf all the pesticides above, procymidone, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, pendimethalin and isocarbophos were detected in vegetables, the detection rates were 27.0%, 16.2%, 11.4%, 3.5%, and 1.9%, respectively. However, isazophos, fenthion, and deltamethrin were not detected. In addition, procymidone, lambda-cyhalothrin, and cypermethrin were detected in urban areas, while pendimethalin was detected in rural areas. The detection rates of cypermethrin and pendimethalin in rural were 19.8% and 5.4%, respectively, which in urban were at relatively lower levels (13.7% and 1.9%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Compared the differences of pesticide detection rates among five areas of Henan province, we found that there were statistical differences in the detection rates of procymidone, cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in different regions (all P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results have revealed that the pesticide residues are present. Higher detection rates and more types of pesticides were found in rural areas than urban areas. In addition, there were higher detection rates in Eastern Henan. The findings provided valuable information on the current pesticide residues status, which can be a reference of pesticide supervision and management.

Pesticides in vegetable production in Bangladesh: A systemic review of contamination levels and associated health risks in the last decade

“…The problems are not limited to Bangladesh, and it is a pressing issue on a global scale. It has been reported in Pakistan, India, and China that pesticides are used indiscriminately in vegetable production and cause many health problems to consumers [103] , [12] , [74] .…”

Characterization in Potent Modulation on Voltage-Gated Na+ Current Exerted by Deltamethrin, a Pyrethroid Insecticide

“…Deltamethrin (DLT, decamethrin) is a cyclopropanecarboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol [ 1 , 2 ]. It is viewed to be the active insecticide of the proinsecticide tralomethrin [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Pyrethroids like DLT or tefluthrin (Tef) have been demonstrated to modify the gating characteristics of voltage-gated Na + (Na V ) channels [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

“…Pyrethroids like DLT or tefluthrin (Tef) have been demonstrated to modify the gating characteristics of voltage-gated Na + (Na V ) channels [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Deltamethrin (DLT), a neurotoxic type-II pyrethroid ester insecticide [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], has been demonstrated previously to cause a reversible sequence of motor symptoms in rats involving hind limb rigidity and choreoathetosis [ 2 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Alternatively, DLT was also reported to decrease Cl − currents through voltage-dependent Cl − channels and this action probably contributes the most to the features of poisoning with DLT or other type II pyrethroids [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”