Pesticide residues in tangerines (Citrus reticulata Blanco) cultivated in different types from Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand

Prapamontol, Tippawan; Hongsibsong, Surat; Pakvilai, N.; Polyiem, Watcharapon; Kawichai, Sawaeng; Santasup, Choochad

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1058

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In this work, our primary focus was chlorpyrifos because it was the most frequently detected OP pesticide in agricultural areas in Chiang Mai Province [39] and it currently ranks first among the imported OP pesticides (comprising 85% of total imported OP pesticides) in Thailand [52]. Thus, the analytic parameters were optimized to achieve the lowest possible LOD for this compound in each biological matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participants lived and worked in an agricultural community in Fang District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, where OP pesticides have been used intensively. In this area, several OP pesticides have been detected in the environment including in fruits and vegetables [36] that were locally consumed. Several reports documented high exposure levels of OP pesticides among different populations of this region [37–39].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this area, several OP pesticides have been detected in the environment including in fruits and vegetables [36] that were locally consumed. Several reports documented high exposure levels of OP pesticides among different populations of this region [37–39]. Mean (min-max) age of the subjects was 26.8 (18–50) years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, several OP pesticides have been detected in the environment including fruits and vegetables [36] regularly consumed by the locals. As a result, their metabolites including dialkylphosphates, are commonly detected in human urine with the geometric mean concentrations higher than those of the general U.S. population [37–39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, their metabolites including dialkylphosphates, are commonly detected in human urine with the geometric mean concentrations higher than those of the general U.S. population [37–39]. In 2011, OP pesticides were responsible for the highest number of known-pesticide poisoning cases in the upper region of northern Thailand [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A single method for detecting 11 organophosphate pesticides in human plasma and breastmilk using GC-FPD

Naksen

Prapamontol

Mangklabruks

et al. 2016

Journal of Chromatography B

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Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are widely used for crop protection in many countries including Thailand. Aside from causing environmental contamination, they affect human health especially by over-stimulating of the neurotransmission system. OP pesticides, as with other non-persistent pesticides, degrade quickly in the environment as well as are metabolized quite rapidly in humans. Assessing human exposures to these compounds requires analytical methods that are sensitive, robust, and most importantly, suitable for specific laboratory settings. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method for measuring 11 OP pesticide residues in human plasma and breast milk. Analytes in both plasma and breast milk samples were extracted with acetone and methylene chloride, cleaned-up using aminopropyl solid phase extraction cartridges, and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. The optimized method exhibited good linearity, with the coefficients of determination of 0.996–0.999 and <7% error about the slope. Extraction recoveries from spiked plasma and breast milk samples at low and medium concentrations (0.8–5.0 and 1.6–10 ng mL−1, respectively) ranged from 59.4 % (ethion) to 94.0 % (chlorpyrifos). Intra-batch and inter-batch precisions ranged from 2.3–18.9% and 5.8–19.5%, respectively. Method detection limits of plasma and breast milk ranged from 0.18–1.36 and 0.09–2.66 ng mL−1, respectively. We analyzed 63 plasma and 30 breastmilk samples collected from farmworkers in Chiang Mai Province to determine the suitability of this method for occupational exposure assessment. Of the 11 pesticides measured, seven were detected in plasma samples and five were detected in breast milk samples. Mass spectrometry was used to confirm results. Overall, this method is rapid and reliable. It offers the laboratories with limited access to mass spectrometry a capacity to investigate levels OP pesticides in plasma and breastmilk in those occupationally exposed for health risk assessment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A single method for detecting 11 organophosphate pesticides in human plasma and breastmilk using GC-FPD

Naksen

Prapamontol

Mangklabruks

et al. 2016

Journal of Chromatography B

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Associations of maternal organophosphate pesticide exposure and PON1 activity with birth outcomes in SAWASDEE birth cohort, Thailand

Naksen

Prapamontol

Mangklabruks

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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Prenatal organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure has been reported to be associated with adverse birth outcomes and neurodevelopment. However, the mechanisms of toxicity of OP pesticides on human fetal development have not yet been elucidated. Our pilot study birth cohort, the Study of Asian Women and Offspring’s Development and Environmental Exposures (SAWASDEE cohort) aimed to evaluate environmental chemical exposures and their relation to birth outcomes and infant neurodevelopment in 52 pregnant farmworkers in Fang district, Chiang Mai province, Thailand. A large array of data was collected multiple times during pregnancy including approximately monthly urine samples for evaluation of pesticide exposure, three blood samples for pesticide-related enzyme measurements and questionnaire data. This study investigated the changes in maternal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities and their relation to urinary diakylphosphates (DAPs), class-related metabolites of OP pesticides, during pregnancy. Maternal AChE, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and PON1 activities were measured three times during pregnancy and urinary DAP concentrations were measured, on average, 8 times from enrollment during pregnancy until delivery. Among the individuals in the group with low maternal PON1 activity (n = 23), newborn head circumference was negatively correlated with log10 maternal ΣDEAP and ΣDAP at enrollment (gestational age=12±3 weeks; β = −1.0 cm, p = 0.03 and β = −1.8 cm, p <0.01, respectively) and at 32 weeks pregnancy (β = −1.1 cm, p = 0.04 and β = −2.6 cm, p = 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, among these mothers, newborn birthweight was also negatively associated with log10 maternal ΣDEAP and ΣDAP at enrollment (β = −219.7 g, p = 0.05 and β = −371.3 g, p = 0.02, respectively). Associations between maternal DAP levels and newborn outcomes were not observed in the group of participants with high maternal PON1 activity. Our results support previous findings from US birth cohort studies. This is the first study to report the associations between prenatal OP pesticide exposure and birth outcomes in Thailand.

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Multiple Pesticide Residues Found in Vegetables and Fruits from Rural and Urban Markets in Upper Northern Thailand

Prapamontol¹,

Hongsibsong²,

Naksen³

et al. 2020

CMUJNS

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Multiple pesticides are used in vegetable and fruit cultivation worldwide, including in Thailand. A survey series on pesticide residues in vegetable and fruit samples sourced from markets in urban and rural areas of upper northern Thailand during 2007–2013. Sixteen different vegetables (n = 412) and 11 different fruits (n = 301) were analyzed for 43 pesticide residues including 20 organophosphates (OP), 6 synthetic pyrethroids, 12 carbamates, 2 abamectins, imidacloprid, dithiocarbamates, and carbendazim. Out of the 412 vegetable samples, 235 (57%) had pesticide residues and 185 (45%) had pesticide residues that exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). For the fruit samples, 245 (81%) of the 301 samples had pesticide residues and 165 (55%) had pesticide residues that exceeded the MRLs. The vegetable and the fruit samples had multiple synthetic pyrethroid residues and higher levels of residues than OP and other pesticides. Among the OP pesticides, chlorpyrifos was the most frequently detected pesticide. Residue detection in the rural samples was higher than that in the urban samples. The present study found very high numbers of samples to be above the MRLs: 45% of the vegetable samples and 55% of the fruit samples. Therefore, multi-residue methods are proposed as a regular monitoring system to ensure coverage of the multiple pesticides that are commonly used in agriculture and secure the national food safety policy.

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Pesticide residues in tangerines (Citrus reticulata Blanco) cultivated in different types from Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

A single method for detecting 11 organophosphate pesticides in human plasma and breastmilk using GC-FPD

A single method for detecting 11 organophosphate pesticides in human plasma and breastmilk using GC-FPD

Associations of maternal organophosphate pesticide exposure and PON1 activity with birth outcomes in SAWASDEE birth cohort, Thailand

Multiple Pesticide Residues Found in Vegetables and Fruits from Rural and Urban Markets in Upper Northern Thailand

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