Pesticides in agriculture and environment: Impacts on human health

Abstract

A sort of chemicals which are formed to get rid of a pest or halt its reproduction termed as pesticides. Pesticides are utilized generally to control weeds and insect invasion in farming fields and different pests and disease transporters (e.g., mosquitoes, rodents, ticks and mice) in houses, workplaces, shopping centers, and roads. As the methods of activity for pesticides are not species-specific, worries have been raised about environmental threat related with their exposure through different ways (e.g., residues in diet and drinking water). Various types of pesticides have been utilized for crop safety from hundreds of years. Pesticides advantage the harvests; though, they additionally leave a serious negative effect on nature. Over utilization of pesticides may prompt the damage of biodiversity. Numerous aquatic animals, birds are under the risk of destructive pesticides for their survival. Pesticides can move into the human body by oral, inhalation or dermal exposure, and well known to be the main reason of various diseases like Chapter contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Background and historical review of pesticides ……………………………………………………………. Classification of pesticides ……………………………………………………………………………………. Environmental impacts of pesticides ………………………………………………………………………… Routes of pesticide exposure to human ……………………………………………………………………... Human health impacts of pesticide ………………………………………………………………………….. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………………………………….. References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. respiratory disorders, cancer, skin problems, endocrine disruption, and reproduction failures. Pesticides acquired numerous advantages to humankind in the agricultural, industrial zone, yet their toxicities in both humans and animals have always been a reason to worry. Contamination therefore to overuse of pesticides and the long term effect of pesticides on nature are additionally discussed in the chapter. This article aims to discuss about pesticides, their types, environmental worries and human health complications related to them.

Transcriptome plasticity underlying plant root colonization and insect invasion by Pseudomonas protegens

“…nucleotide biosynthetic process 7ribose phosphate biosynthetic process 7cellular component organization (16) alpha−amino acid biosynthetic process (12) cellular component biogenesis (20) carboxylic acid biosynthetic process (29) organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process (58) secondary metabolic process (7) motor activity (6) structural constituent of ribosome (46) GTPase activity (9) RNA binding (43) hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides (34) ligase activity (42) organic ATP metabolic process (5) nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process (5) nucleotide biosynthetic process (7) ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process (7) nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process (6) ribonucleotide metabolic process (13) lipid biosynthetic process (22) carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process (17) cellular lipid metabolic process (21) cellular component biogenesis (20) organophosphate biosynthetic process (24) cellular biosynthetic process (150) nucleobase−containing compound metabolic process (144) primary metabolic process (167) organic substance metabolic process (364) nitrogen compound metabolic process (270) organic substance transport (89) alginic acid metabolic process (6) structural constituent of ribosome (46) translation factor activity, RNA binding (9) GTP binding (11) ribonucleoside binding (11) RNA binding (34) ligase activity (42) organic alginic acid metabolic process (6) cellular carbohydrate metabolic process 7polysaccharide metabolic process (10) secretion…”

“…Due to these characteristics, several Pseudomonas-based biocontrol products are currently deployed to control fungal and bacterial diseases [9,10]. Microbial-based methods for pest control will be crucial in future agricultural practices because an increasing number of chemical fungicides and insecticides is already or will likely be banned due to environmental and health concerns [11][12][13]. Within the P. fluorescens group, the two species Pseudomonas protegens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis are particularly interesting for plant protection applications because, unlike other biocontrol pseudomonads, they are crop plant colonizers with antifungal activity and pest insect colonizers with insecticidal activity [14][15][16].…”

Pesticide-Loaded Nanocarriers from Lignin Sulfonates—A Promising Tool for Sustainable Plant Protection

“…Over 4 million tons of pesticides are used annually to protect crops worldwide. 1 The conventional method to distribute pesticides in agriculture is spraying of agrochemical formulations. These formulations often encapsulate the active ingredients in petroleum-based, nondegradable polymer microcapsules to ensure sustained release of the actives.…”

Causes and management of pesticides contamination in agriculture: A review

“…There is an overwhelming spread of ecosystems contaminations by pesticides across the globe (Ferrario et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2019). These result in adverse effects on human health such as rashes, reproductive problems, neurotoxicity and breathing difficulties (Kumar and Kumar, 2019). They may also lead to severe and/or chronic infections such as cancer (Bento et al, 2017;Kumar and Kumar, 2019;Shang et al, 2019).…”

“…These result in adverse effects on human health such as rashes, reproductive problems, neurotoxicity and breathing difficulties (Kumar and Kumar, 2019). They may also lead to severe and/or chronic infections such as cancer (Bento et al, 2017;Kumar and Kumar, 2019;Shang et al, 2019). Pesticides contain active compounds which have significantly contributed to agriculture.…”