Pesticides in Canals of South Florida

Miles, Carl J.; Pfeuffer, Richard J.

doi:10.1007/s002449900194

Cited by 122 publications

(88 citation statements)

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“…Atrazine is one of the most frequently detected pesticides in surface water and sediment samples collected in the United States, the highest concentrations found being 18 ppb and 50 ppb, respectively. 62) WHO has established an international guideline for atrazine in drinking-water of 2 ppb. 63) Concentrations of alkylphenol ethoxylate metabolites in treated wastewater effluents in the US, Spain, and the UK ranged from <0.1 to 369 ppb, with a much larger range for sediments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible enhancing effects of atrazine and nonylphenol on 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene‐induced mammary tumor development in human c‐Ha‐ras proto‐oncogene transgenic rats

Fukamachi¹,

Han

Kim

et al. 2004

Cancer Science

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Our transgenic (Tg) strain carrying copies of the human c-Ha-ras proto-oncogene is highly susceptible to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis, possibly due to activation of the transgene, and can be used in medium-term bioassay models to test for modifying effects of estrogenic environmental compounds on tumor development. The present study was conducted to assess the influence of dietary feeding of the endocrine disruptors atrazine and nonylphenol on DMBA-induced carcinogenesis in c-Ha-ras Tg rats. Animals of both sexes were given a single oral dose of DMBA (25 mg/kg body weight) at 50 days of age and thereafter received soybean-free diet containing 5, 50 or 500 ppm atrazine, or 10, 25, 100 or 250 ppm nonylphenol. In female Tg rats, atrazine at a dose of 5 ppm increased the incidences of mammary adenomas and adenocarcinomas (P < < < <0.01 and P < < < <0.05), while 50 ppm increased the adenocarcinoma incidence (P < < < <0.05). In males, skin tumor development, in contrast, was significantly decreased at the highest dose. Nonylphenol at 10 ppm increased adenocarcinoma and total mammary tumor multiplicity in female Tg rats (P < < < <0.05), but there was no dose dependence, a significant quadratic dose-response trend rather being observed (P < < < <0.05). In vitro, atrazine did not cause proliferation of MCF-7 cells at any of a range of doses tested. These results suggest that endocrine disruptors may enhance mammary carcinogenesis, but only in a certain limited dose range under the present experimental conditions. The doses applied, moreover, were all extremely high compared to the possible environmental human exposure levels. (Cancer Sci 2004; 95: 404-410) t is well documented that estrogen is an obligatory factor for development of the mammary gland.1, 2) The hormone also plays an important role in both the etiology and treatment of mammary cancer and accumulating evidence indicates that slightly elevated levels of circulating estrogens may predispose to tumorigenesis.3, 4) Exogenous estrogens may similarly increase mammary cancer risk.5-7) This may be of considerable importance, since recently, a number of environmental chemicals impacting on the endocrine system (endocrine disruptors) have been shown to exhibit estrogenic activity, these including triazine derivatives and alkylphenolic compounds.Among the symmetrical triazine-type herbicides, atrazine (6-chloro-N 2 -ethyl-N 4 -isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) is one of the most widely and heavily used herbicides all over the world. It is employed in agriculture as a selective pre-and postemergence agent for annual control of grass and broad-leaved weeds. A number of studies have suggested that atrazine is an endocrine disruptor [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and in female Sprague-Dawley, but not other strains of rats, high doses (50-1000 ppm) in the diet have been found to be associated with an increased incidence and/or an earlier onset of mammary gland tumors. [16][17][18][19][20] Alkylphenol polyethoxylates are the se...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible enhancing effects of atrazine and nonylphenol on 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene‐induced mammary tumor development in human c‐Ha‐ras proto‐oncogene transgenic rats

Fukamachi¹,

Han

Kim

et al. 2004

Cancer Science

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“…In the laboratory, before the solid-phase extraction, the water samples were filtered in a 0.45 μm cellulose nitrate membrane filter, the pH was adjusted between 6.5 and 7.5 with 1 mol L -1 HCl and the NaCl was added to ionic strength correction (17.5%, m/v). The sampling sites were irrigation and drinking water wells (23), waterholes (5), dam (2) and Cabeceira dos Bois river (3). Numbers between parenthesis represent number of sampling points at each sampling sites.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combined standard deviation (s comb ) was calculated using equation (2). (2) where s A is the standard deviation of the measured concentrations at the lowest fortification level used in the recovery experiment; m is the number of replicates at the lowest fortification level; s B is the standard deviation of the responses of the blank determinations and n is the number of blank determinations.…”

Section: Recovery Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A literature review revealed data on pesticide contamination of aquatic environment in the tropical and subtropical areas. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In Brazil, although research on pesticide leaching from agricultural areas to groundwater was initiated years ago, the knowledge of the levels of contamination of groundwater is still very scarce in the regions of the Middle West and North of Brazil. Unfortunately, there are few methods for determining pesticide residues in Brazilian environmental compartments.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multiresidue determination of herbicides in environmental waters from Primavera do Leste Region (Middle West of Brazil) by SPE-GC-NPD

Dores¹,

Navickiene²,

Cunha³

et al. 2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Foi desenvolvido um estudo sobre a presença dos herbicidas simazina, metribuzim, metolacloro, trifluralina, atrazina e seus metabólitos desisopropilatrazina (DIA) e desetilatrazina (DEA) em água superficial e subterrânea da região de Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, Brasil. O procedimento analítico baseou-se na extração em fase sólida com cartuchos descartáveis Sep-Pak C 18 e eluição com acetato de etila. Os níveis de resíduos foram determinados por cromatografia a gás com detector de nitrogênio e fósforo. Para a maior parte dos pesticidas, a recuperação média nos diferentes níveis de fortificação foi >70% com estimativa do desvio padrão relativo <19%. As recuperações observadas para o DIA e a trifluralina foram 25% e 56%, respectivamente. As baixas recuperações foram atribuídas à retenção incompleta do DIA e à forte retenção no sorvente e alta volatilidade da trifluralina. Os limites de detecção variaram de 0,023 a 0,088 μg L -1 . Este método foi aplicado na análise de 5 amostras de águas superficiais e 28 de águas subterrâneas, em pontos usados para abastecimento de água para consumo humano, coletadas em Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso. O nível mais elevado encontrado nas amostras de água foi 1,732 μg L -1 de metolacloro enquanto o herbicida encontrado com maior freqüência foi o metribuzim.A study on the presence of herbicides, namely simazine, metribuzin, metolachlor, trifluralin, atrazine and two metabolites, deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and deethylatrazine (DEA), was performed in ground and surface waters from Primavera do Leste region, Mato Grosso state (Middle West of Brazil). The analytical procedure was based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) with Sep-Pak C 18 disposable cartridges and ethyl acetate for elution solvent. Residue levels were determined by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. For most of the pesticides average recoveries at different fortification levels were >70% with relative standard deviation <19%. The recoveries of DIA and trifluralin in water were 25% and 56%, respectively, which were attributed to the incomplete retention of DIA and strong retention on the sorbing material and high volatility of trifluralin. Detection limits ranged from 0.023 to 0.088 μg L -1 . This method was applied for the analysis of 5 superficial water samples and 28 groundwater samples, in places used for human consumption without previous treatment, collected in Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Results indicated that the highest level of contamination in a water sample was 1.732 μg L -1 for metolachlor, while metribuzin was the most frequently detected herbicide with maximum concentration of 0.351 μg L -1 .Keywords: solid-phase extraction, water, herbicides, pesticides, GC-NPD IntroductionThe Primavera do Leste region (Mato Grosso state, Middle West of Brazil) is an area with a high agricultural production, that has expanded greatly since its start 30 years ago. As consequence of the monoculture conditions under which soybean, cotton, rice, maize and bean are grown, they are susceptible t...

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“…However, it is evident from chemical monitoring programs in South Florida that organic and inorganic contaminants are present at concentrations in surface waters and sediment that may present potential adverse effects and risks to organisms. For example, since the mid-1980s, the SFWMD has been monitoring pesticides in South Florida surface waters and sediment, and several compounds including DDT, DDE, DDD, ametryn, atrazine, dicofol, diquat and endosulfan sulfate were frequently detected (Miles and Pfeuffer, 1997). Detectable residues of endosulfan were consistently present in surface water of one canal location (C-l1l), adjacent to Everglades National Park and occasionally exceeded Florida…”

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confidence: 99%

Physiological performance measures and tolerance limits of estuarine indicator species in South Florida

Bachman¹

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Current water management practices in South Florida have negatively impacted many species inhabiting Florida Bay. Variable and high salinity has been identified as a key stressor in these estuaries. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) includes water redistribution projects that will restore natural freshwater flows to northeastern Florida Bay. My studies focused on the following central theme and hypotheses: Biological performance measures (i.e., growth, reproduction, survival), behavior (i.e., habitat preference and locomotor behavior) and diversity of estuarine fish will be controlled by changes in salinity and water quality that will occur as a result of the restoration of freshwater flow to the bay. A series of acute and subchronic physiological toxicity studies were conducted to determine the effects of salinity changes on the life stages (embryo/larval, juvenile, adult) and fecundity of four native estuarine fish (Cyprinodon variegatus, Floridichthys carpio, Poecilia latipinna, and Gambusia holbrooki). Fish were exposed to a range of salinity concentrations (freshwater to hypersaline) based on salinity profiles in the study areas. Growth (length, weight) and survival were measured. Salinity trials included both rapid and gradual change events.v Results show negative effects of acute, abrupt salinity changes on fish survival, development and reproductive success as a result of salinity stress. Other studies targeted reproduction and critical embryo-larval/neonate development as key areas for detecting long-term population effects of salinity change in Florida Bay. Adults of C. variegatus and P. latipinna were also examined for behavioral responses to pulsed salinity changes. These responses include changes in swimming performance, locomotor behavior and zone preference. Finally, an ecological risk assessment was conducted for adverse salinity conditions in northeastern Florida Bay. Using the U.S. EPA's framework, the risk to estuarine fish species diversity was assessed against regional salinity profiles from a 17-year database. Based on the risk assessment, target salinity profiles for these areas are recommended for managers.

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Pesticides in Canals of South Florida

Cited by 122 publications

References 3 publications

Possible enhancing effects of atrazine and nonylphenol on 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene‐induced mammary tumor development in human c‐Ha‐ras proto‐oncogene transgenic rats

Possible enhancing effects of atrazine and nonylphenol on 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene‐induced mammary tumor development in human c‐Ha‐ras proto‐oncogene transgenic rats

Multiresidue determination of herbicides in environmental waters from Primavera do Leste Region (Middle West of Brazil) by SPE-GC-NPD

Physiological performance measures and tolerance limits of estuarine indicator species in South Florida

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