PET-based copolyesters with bisphenol A or bisphenol F structural units: Their distinct differences in pyrolysis behaviours and flame-retardant performances

Guo, De‐Ming; Chen, Xiang-Quan; Tang, Lei; Wu, Jia-Ning; Fu, Teng; Wang, Xiaolin; Chen, Li; Wang, Yu‐Zhong

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.07.001

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is referred to as a flame retardant in manufacturing electronic equipment (Wang et al 2016). Copolyesters of AxPET/FxPET, with an addition of bisphenol A and bisphenol F, have been found to be more thermostable and a better flame retardant than pure PET (De-Ming et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Chlorella sp. and rhamnolipid 90 in maintaining homeostasis in soil contaminated with bisphenol A

2020

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Purpose The knowledge about the impact of BPA on soil health does not correspond to the great interest in its analogues. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the potentially negative impact of BPA on the biochemical properties of soil. The study also evaluated the effectiveness of two biostimulants in eliminating potential homeostasis disorders caused by BPA. Materials and methods A pot experiment was conducted under supervised conditions. BPA at five contamination levels was added to the soil of the granulometric composition of sandy loam at 0, 0.1, 2, 40 and 800 mg BPA kg −1 of a dry matter (DM) of soil. The biochemical activity of the soil was interpreted through the activity of dehydrogenases (Deh), urease (Ure), catalase (Cat), acid phosphatase (Pac), alkaline phosphatase (Pal), arylsulphatase (Aryl) and β-glucosidase (Glu) whose activity was determined on days 5, 15 and 45 of the study. The biostimulative potential of Chlorella sp. and rhamnolipid 90 (which eliminates the undesirable effects of BPA on the parameters) was expressed with IF B-the factor of the impact of increasing of bisphenol (BP) soil contamination levels. The response of spring barley to increasing BPA pressure was analysed with the plant resistance index (RS). The study was made more comprehensive by determination of the macronutrient content in the plants. Results and discussion The sensitivity of individual enzymes to increasing bisphenol pressure on the 45th day of the experiment can be arranged in the following sequence: Deh > Ure > Glu > Pac > Cat > Aryl > Pal. Biostimulation of soil with Chlorella sp. gave better results than with rhamnolipid 90. A compilation of BPA 800 mg BPA kg −1 DM of soil and Chlorella sp. brought about an increase in the activity of Glu on the 45th day of the experiment and Pac, Pal and Aryl on the 5th day. Only at this contamination level did BPA stimulate the crop growth in all the parallel plots except in those biostimulated by Chlorella sp. Only algae significantly reduced the negative BPA impact on the N, Ca and K content in spring barley. Conclusions The experiment emphasised the significant inhibitory impact of BPA on the biochemical activity of soil which, in consequence, upset the microbial balance of soil processes. Chlorella sp. played a more important role in maintaining the soil homeostasis than rhamnolipid 90, which did not correspond to its negative impact on the yield of spring barley.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Chlorella sp. and rhamnolipid 90 in maintaining homeostasis in soil contaminated with bisphenol A

2020

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“…Compared with O-PET fabric, which has LOI = 20.2, F-PET shows a durability in the flame-retarding effect, and this suggests that PEPAS can be firmly combined with the PET fabric. The LOI values of the treated fabrics are comparable to those of P(ET- co -BP) x (25.9–29.2), 43 BAnPETs (22.0–31.0), 3 BD x PET (28.4) 44 and sPMCMSs/PET (25.5–27.2) 45 and higher than those of A x PET and F x PET (23.3–26.0), 46 GMA- g -PET/FR (25.9) 8 and PET- g -PGMA/DVB (21.5), 47 but still much lower than those of PET/AF (35.3), 48 PET/HNCP/POE- g -MA (26.8–35.1) 1 and PAN/PET (42.0), 36 so many aspects, such as the catalyst composition, plasma atmosphere and gas flow rate, need to be researched to get further improvements in the anti-flame performance of PET fabrics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Application of a novel plasma-based method of introducing maleic acid and pentaerythritol phosphate urea salt onto polyester fabrics for durable flame-retardant treatment

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2019

Textile Research Journal

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In this work, a novel anti-flame poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric was successfully fabricated by plasma-based technology combined with pad-dry-cure treatment finishing. Low-temperature plasma can graft maleic acid (MA) onto a PET polymer backbone, which can activate the PET fiber and provide the opportunity of reaction with pentaerythritol phosphate urea salt (PEPAS) to achieve an excellent and durable anti-flame ability. Furthermore, the chemical reaction between PET-MA and PEPAS can form a complex and compact net structure that can effectively improve the anti-dripping property of PET. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that MA and PEPAS were successfully introduced onto the surface of the PET fabric, and a compact protective carbon layer was formed during the combustion process due to the synergistic effect of phosphorus and nitrogen. The flame-retardant and anti-dripping properties were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and a vertical burning test. The treated samples showed the maximum LOI value of 29.3, possessing excellent thermal stability and self-extinguishing ability and inhibiting melt-dripping ability. Moreover, tensile strength at break of the treated PET fabric was slightly greater than that of the original PET fabric, indicating that this type of treatment had little negative impact on the bulk of the PET fabric. After 20 laundering cycles, the LOI value of the treated sample still remained at 26.8, which indicated durability in the flame-retarding effect.

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“…The pyrolysis products of CMSs/MH/PET contain some of the pyrolysis products of PET, such as benzoic acid, phenyl ether, etc., and some new products. Combining the characteristics of the pyrolysis products and reports in the literature, the proposed pyrolysis processes are shown in Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retarded polyethylene terephthalate with carbon microspheres/magnesium hydroxide compound flame retardant

et al. 2018

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Summary A novel compound flame retardant (carbon microspheres/magnesium hydroxide, abbreviated as CMSs/MH) was used to improve the fire performance of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). LOI, UL94, and Cone test results showed that CMSs/MH/PET composites obtained the best fire performance at the mass ratio of CMSs to MH, which was 5:5, where the CMSs/MH content was 1.0 wt. % of PET. The Py‐CS‐MS, TGA‐DSC results, and morphology of char residue revealed the flame‐retardant mechanism. CMSs/MH increased the thermal stability of PET by increasing the activation energy at the initial combustion stage. At the second stage of combustion, CMSs/MH increased the chance of recombination of free radicals and slowed the combustion. Additionally, CMSs/MH promoted the cross‐linking of pyrolysis products and further improved the continuity of the char layer. Thus, a dense and continuous char layer of CMSs/MH/PET composites was produced; this char layer reduced the heat release rate and increased the amount of char residue.

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PET-based copolyesters with bisphenol A or bisphenol F structural units: Their distinct differences in pyrolysis behaviours and flame-retardant performances

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Role of Chlorella sp. and rhamnolipid 90 in maintaining homeostasis in soil contaminated with bisphenol A

Role of Chlorella sp. and rhamnolipid 90 in maintaining homeostasis in soil contaminated with bisphenol A

Application of a novel plasma-based method of introducing maleic acid and pentaerythritol phosphate urea salt onto polyester fabrics for durable flame-retardant treatment

Flame‐retarded polyethylene terephthalate with carbon microspheres/magnesium hydroxide compound flame retardant

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