“…Several epidemiologic studies (Comstock & Helsing, 1976;Frerichs, Aneshensel, & Clark, 1981 ;Husaini, Neff, Harrington, Hughes, & Stone, 1980) found the scale sensitive to differences in level of depressed mood. The CES-D has adequate validity (content, criterion-based, and construc0 and reliability (test-retest and internal consistency; Radloff, 1977;Weissman, Shoiomskas, Pottenger, Prusoff, & Locke, 1977) and has been used previously with aged populations (Berkman et al, 1986;Garrity et al, 1989;Murrell, Himmelfarb, & Wright, 1983).…”