2004
DOI: 10.1021/ie030739s
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Petroleum Marker Dyes Synthesized from Cardanol and Aniline Derivatives

Abstract: Marker dyes 1−15 for petroleum products were synthesized by coupling reaction of a naturally occurring n-alkylphenol, cardanol, with aniline and its derivatives. These synthetic marker dyes provided invisible color in gasoline and high-speed diesel fuel at an effective usable level (2−5 ppm), but gave visible colors when detected by extraction with 50% (v/v) 1,2-diaminoethane in a solution containing ethane-1,2-diol and methanol (1:1, v/v). Dye contents in fuel oils could be simply quantified with a vis spectr… Show more

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Cited by 76 publications
(30 citation statements)
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“…1,2 Therefore, a facile and reliable access to diarylamine derivatives is of great importance. Among numerous methods to prepare diarylamines, the use of metallic catalysts, especially Pd2(dba)3 and Pd(OAc)2, is one of the most attractive routes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1,2 Therefore, a facile and reliable access to diarylamine derivatives is of great importance. Among numerous methods to prepare diarylamines, the use of metallic catalysts, especially Pd2(dba)3 and Pd(OAc)2, is one of the most attractive routes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The marker dye usually has the chemical structure protected and only the manufacturer can detect it by specific methods. Neverthelees, some marker dyes are known in the literature and are commonly added to fuels with the purpose of control specific types of fuels, comprove the authentic, discourage robberies and adulterations, as well as control the distribution and use of some specifics fuels [93,94]. In Brazil, the adulteration of fuel has been a common problem, and the marked dyes are applied to distinguish the hydrated ethanol from the dehydrated ethanol.…”
Section: Electroanalysis Of Marker Dyesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cardanol are also used for reducing brittleness and improving the flexibility of the blades (Blazdell, 2000). Both cardol and cardanol have been used in various applications such as adhesives, fuel additive (Suwanprasop et al, 2004;Vasapollo et al, 2011), plasticizing (Alexander and Thachil, 2010), cleaning, disinfectants, germicides and health care for workers (Prabhakaran et al, 2001). Seeds, nirmali (Srimurali et al, 1998) impregnated with zirconium coconut shell (Sathish et al, 2007) and clays have been used as adsorbents for the removal of fluoride from water (Alagumuthu and Rajan, 2010).…”
Section: Industrial Applications Of the Net Bark Of Cashew Nutsmentioning
confidence: 99%