PFAS fate and destruction mechanisms during thermal treatment: a comprehensive review

Longendyke, Grace; Katel, Sebica

doi:10.1039/d1em00465d

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…ATs analyzed in this study contained 0.315–17.439 kg of F per field (see Table S5 and Figure S4), which, when extrapolated to all fields in Stockholm, amounted to a sum total of 84.45–1557.16 kg of F that will eventually be landfilled or incinerated. Landfills are known sources of PFAS and microplastics, − and the effectiveness of incineration for destroying PFAS remains unclear. − The alternative, recycling of AT, is still a developing industry but will continue to be complicated by the use of PFAS and other additives in plastics, , some of which will occur as impurities in recovered materials . Because manufacturers of the ATs investigated here are not exclusive to Sweden, we believe these results to be broadly translatable to ATs globally.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Landfills are known sources of PFAS and microplastics, 38 − 40 and the effectiveness of incineration for destroying PFAS remains unclear. 41 − 44 The alternative, recycling of AT, is still a developing industry 45 but will continue to be complicated by the use of PFAS and other additives in plastics, 46 , 47 some of which will occur as impurities in recovered materials. 48 Because manufacturers of the ATs investigated here are not exclusive to Sweden, we believe these results to be broadly translatable to ATs globally.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Widespread Occurrence of Non-Extractable Fluorine in Artificial Turfs from Stockholm, Sweden

Lauria

Naim

Plassmann

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are frequently used in the production of rubber and plastic, but little is known about the identity, concentration, or prevalence of PFAS in these products. In this study, a representative sample of plastic- and rubber-containing artificial turf (AT) fields from Stockholm, Sweden, was subjected to total fluorine (TF), extractable organic fluorine (EOF), and target PFAS analysis. TF was observed in all 51 AT samples (ranges of 16–313, 12–310, and 24–661 μg of F/g in backing, filling, and blades, respectively), while EOF and target PFAS occurred in <42% of all samples (<200 and <1 ng of F/g, respectively). A subset of samples extracted with water confirmed the absence of fluoride. Moreover, application of the total oxidizable precursor assay revealed negligible perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) formation across all three sample types, indicating that the fluorinated substances in AT are not low-molecular weight PFAA precursors. Collectively, these results point toward polymeric organofluorine (e.g., fluoroelastomer, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride), consistent with patent literature. The combination of poor extractability and recalcitrance toward advanced oxidation suggests that the fluorine in AT does not pose an imminent risk to users. However, concerns surrounding the production and end of life of AT, as well as the contribution of filling and blades to environmental microplastic contamination, remain.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread Occurrence of Non-Extractable Fluorine in Artificial Turfs from Stockholm, Sweden

Lauria

Naim

Plassmann

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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show abstract

“…The method presented in this article for electrochemically monitoring cell metabolism and oxidative stress following PFAS exposure can be used for rapid toxicological screening of different PFAS on different cell lines. Such measurements will begin to inform technological innovations for sensing, [46][47][48][49][50] extracting, 51,52 and destroying [53][54][55][56] PFAS in the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the cytotoxic redox mechanism of PFOS within Hep G2 by hyperspectral-assisted scanning electrochemical microscopy

Goines

Dick

2022

Analyst

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“…Landfills are known sources of PFAS and microplastics, [35][36][37] and the effectiveness of incineration for destroying PFAS remains unclear. [38][39][40][41] The alternativerecycling of ATswill continue to be complicated by the use of PFAS in plastics 42,43 until such time that sustainable alternatives can be introduced. Since manufacturers of the ATs investigated here are not exclusive to Sweden, we believe these results to be broadly translatable to ATs globally.…”

Section: Implications For Human and Environmental Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread Occurrence of Non-Extractable Fluorine in Artificial Turfs from Stockholm, Sweden

Lauria

Naim

Plassmann

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are frequently used in the production of rubber and plastic, but little is known about the identity, concentration, or prevalence of PFAS in these products. In this study, a representative sample of plastic- and rubber-containing artificial turf (AT) fields from Stockholm, Sweden, were subjected to total fluorine (TF), extractable organic fluorine (EOF) and target PFAS analysis. TF was observed in all 51 AT samples (range: 16-313, 12-310, and 24-661 µg F/g in backing, filling, and blades, respectively), while EOF and target PFAS occurred in <42% of all samples (<200 and <1 ng F/g, respectively). A subset of samples extracted with water confirmed the absence of fluoride. Moreover, application of the total oxidizable precursor assay revealed negligible perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) formation across all three sample types, indicating that the fluorinated substance(s) in AT are not low molecular weight PFAA-precursors. Collectively, these results point towards polymeric organofluorine (e.g. fluoroelastomer, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride), consistent with patent literature. The combination of poor extractability and recalcitrance towards advanced oxidation suggests that the fluorine in AT does not pose an imminent risk to users. However, concerns remain surrounding the production and end-of-life of ATs, as well as the contribution of filling to environmental microplastic contamination.

show abstract

PFAS fate and destruction mechanisms during thermal treatment: a comprehensive review

Abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals and have been detected throughout the environment. Thermal treatment is the most common remediation approach for PFAS-contaminated solid wastes. Although various thermal...

Cited by 65 publications

References 63 publications

Widespread Occurrence of Non-Extractable Fluorine in Artificial Turfs from Stockholm, Sweden

Widespread Occurrence of Non-Extractable Fluorine in Artificial Turfs from Stockholm, Sweden

Investigating the cytotoxic redox mechanism of PFOS within Hep G2 by hyperspectral-assisted scanning electrochemical microscopy

Widespread Occurrence of Non-Extractable Fluorine in Artificial Turfs from Stockholm, Sweden

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