“…For the chemical method, a chemical reaction must be introduced into the preparation process. It also includes many specific methods, such as anodizing (Zhang et al , 2017), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) (Xie et al , 2017), electrochemical deposition (Sadman et al , 2017), chemical vapor condensed (CVC) (Cha et al ,2016), sol-gel process (Sumida et al , 2017), spraying (Liu et al , 2017), spinning (Zheng et al , 2017), hydrothermal process (Yousefifar et al , 2016), and so on. The physicochemical method incorporates the advantages of both the chemical and physical method, and it is a comprehensive method (Zhang et al , 2013; Holgado et al , 2005).…”