pH-Sensitive Alginate/Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Aminated Chitosan Microcapsules for Efficient Encapsulation and Delivery of Diclofenac Sodium

Abstract

To develop an effective pH-sensitive drug carrier, alginate (Alg), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCs), and aminated chitosan (AmCs) derivatives were employed in this study. A simple ionic gelation technique was employed to formulate Alg-CMCs@AmCs dual polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) microcapsules as a pH-sensitive carrier for efficient encapsulation and release of diclofenac sodium (DS) drug. The developed microcapsules were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results clarified that formation of dual PECs significantly protected Alg microcapsules from rapid disintegration at colon conditions (pH 7.4), and greatly reduced their porosity. In addition, the dual PECs microcapsules can effectively encapsulate 95.4% of DS-drug compared to 86.3 and 68.6% for Alg and Alg-CMCs microcapsules, respectively. Higher DS-release values were achieved in simulated colonic fluid [SCF; pH 7.4] compared to those obtained in simulated gastric fluid [SGF; pH 1.2]. Moreover, the drug burst release was prevented and a sustained DS-release was achieved as the AmCs concentration increased. The results confirmed also that the developed microcapsules were biodegradable in the presence of the lysozyme enzyme. These findings emphasize that the formulated pH-sensitive microcapsules could be applied for the delivery of diclofenac sodium.

Highly Efficient Removal for Methylene Blue and Cu2+ onto UiO-66 Metal–Organic Framework/Carboxylated Graphene Oxide-Incorporated Sodium Alginate Beads

“…SA is an environmentally friendly biopolymer because of its biodegradability and nontoxic nature. 34 , 35 Based on these criteria, SA has drawn special attention in wastewater treatment applications as a premium encapsulating material owing to its notable advantages including strong gelation, high chemical stability, and biocompatibility. 36 , 37 In addition, the backbone chain of SA possesses plentiful functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups that reinforce the chelating ability toward the cationic pollutants whether in heavy metals or dyes.…”

Fabrication of attapulgite/magnetic aminated chitosan composite as efficient and reusable adsorbent for Cr (VI) ions

“…Chitosan (Cs) is a cationic polysaccharide polymer that is easily obtained via N-deacetylation of chitin, the essential component of the exoskeleton of crustaceans like shrimp, fungi, crab and insects 22 , 23 . Owing to its unparalleled merits such as biocompatibility, polyelectrolyte properties, recyclability, hydrophilicity, biodegradability and adhesion properties, chitosan has a significant deal of interest as an efficient cationic adsorbent for removal of heavy metals, pharmaceutical pollutants and organic dyes from their aqueous solutions 24 , 25 .…”

Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of Quaternized Aminochitosan Membrane for Wound Dressing Applications

“…It has been reported that CS has the ability to accelerate wound healing not only through its basic antimicrobial characteristics but also by the benefit of its aptitude to deliver various antimicrobial agents and growth factors to various types of wounds [ 24 ]. Additionally, aminated chitosan (aminochitosan; AmCs) is an interesting chitosan derivative that has been developed by the authors’ previous work with extra amine groups [ 25 ]. Compared with neat CS biopolymer, AMCS derivative has demonstrated better biological properties, including biocompatibility and biodegradability [ 26 ].…”