pH-Sensitive Nanoliposomes for Passive and CXCR-4-Mediated Marine Yessotoxin Delivery for Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Background: Yessotoxin (YTX), a marine-derived drug, was encapsulated in PEGylated pH-sensitive nanoliposomes, covalently functionalized (strategy I) with SDF-1α and by nonspecific adsorption (strategy II), to actively target chemokine receptor CXCR-4. Methods: Cytotoxicity to normal human epithelial cells (HK-2) and prostate (PC-3) and breast (MCF-7) adenocarcinoma models, with different expression levels of CXCR-4, were tested. Results: Strategy II exerted the highest cytotoxicity toward cancer cells while protecting normal epithelia. Acid pH-induced fusion of nanoliposomes seemed to serve as a primary route of entry into MCF-7 cells but PC-3 data support an endocytic pathway for their internalization. Conclusion: This work describes an innovative hallmark in the current marine drug clinical pipeline, as the developed nanoliposomes are promising candidates in the design of groundbreaking marine flora-derived anticancer nanoagents.

Nanoliposomes Permeability in a Microfluidic Drug Delivery Platform across a 3D Hydrogel

“…Therefore, it is likely that the surface charge of the nanoliposomes did not hinder their passage though the membrane. This is encouraging for our system as it would mean that adding cells on top of the gel would probably yield a similar P app , as epithelial cells tend to internalize passing particles in suspension and transport them to the basal side [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Oxidative Stress and the Nrf2/PPARγ Axis in the Endometrium: Insights into Female Fertility

“…Physiologically increased COX-2 activity leads to the induction of the expression of chemokines such as interleukin 8 (IL-8), membrane cofactor protein 1 (MCP-1), C-X-C chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL-1), and C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR-4), which are an essential part of the cross-talk between the endometrium and the blastocyst, mediating the attachment of embryo to uterine lining [18,34]. Pro-inflammatory and chemotactic cytokines are also necessary for the recruitment and activation of phagocytic cells, which are the main producers of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) involved in blastocyst implantation [14,[35][36][37].…”

Benzoquinoline Derivatives: An Attractive Approach to Newly Small Molecules with Anticancer Activity

“…However, the efficiency of the existing drugs from the market is low and there are many drawbacks. As a result, there is an urgent need for new anticancer drugs in therapy [28][29][30][31].…”