Phaeocystis and its interaction with viruses

Brussaard, Corina P. D.; Bratbak, Gunnar; Baudoux, Anne‐Claire; Ruardij, P.

doi:10.1007/s10533-007-9096-0

Cited by 61 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Despite these challenges, our viral data did enable detection of successional patterns providing new insight into the interaction between viruses and their hosts. Some viral OTUs were highly abundant only at specific time-points, indicating a boom-bust relationship with their host, a pattern normally described for lytic viruses [11,12,13,15]. Surprisingly though, most of the viral OTUs were persistent indicating coexistence with their hosts, or alternatively an ability to exploit several host species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Viral-based phytoplankton lysis can be at least as significant as grazing [8,9] and have the potential to drastically change host community structure [10]. Viral activity related to bloom forming haptophytes like Emiliania huxleyi , Phaeocystis pouchetii , and Phaeocystis globosa has been well studied [9,11,12,13,14]. During such blooms, viruses exhibit a strong regulatory role, and contribute to the termination of the bloom in what may be referred to as a “boom and bust” relationship [11,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Dynamics of Haptophytes and dsDNA Algal Viruses Suggest Complex Virus-Host Relationship

Johannessen

Larsen

Bratbak

et al. 2017

Viruses

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Viruses influence the ecology and diversity of phytoplankton in the ocean. Most studies of phytoplankton host–virus interactions have focused on bloom-forming species like Emiliania huxleyi or Phaeocystis spp. The role of viruses infecting phytoplankton that do not form conspicuous blooms have received less attention. Here we explore the dynamics of phytoplankton and algal viruses over several sequential seasons, with a focus on the ubiquitous and diverse phytoplankton division Haptophyta, and their double-stranded DNA viruses, potentially with the capacity to infect the haptophytes. Viral and phytoplankton abundance and diversity showed recurrent seasonal changes, mainly explained by hydrographic conditions. By 454 tag-sequencing we revealed 93 unique haptophyte operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with seasonal changes in abundance. Sixty-one unique viral OTUs, representing Megaviridae and Phycodnaviridae, showed only distant relationship with currently isolated algal viruses. Haptophyte and virus community composition and diversity varied substantially throughout the year, but in an uncoordinated manner. A minority of the viral OTUs were highly abundant at specific time-points, indicating a boom-bust relationship with their host. Most of the viral OTUs were very persistent, which may represent viruses that coexist with their hosts, or able to exploit several host species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Dynamics of Haptophytes and dsDNA Algal Viruses Suggest Complex Virus-Host Relationship

Johannessen

Larsen

Bratbak

et al. 2017

Viruses

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“…Complete sequencing of the genome of P. globosa and the still unidentified hosts of OLPV (most likely, also prasinophytes [11]) will show whether the putative viral sensory rhodopsins complement a pre-existing host function or confer a functionality that is new to the host. Given that P. globosa is a dominant component of marine phytoplankton and that its population dynamics is substantially affected by viruses [26], viral proteorhodopsin homologs described here, regardless of their exact role(s) that remains to be elucidated experimentally, could be major players in the ocean ecology.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteorhodopsin genes in giant viruses

2012

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Viruses with large genomes encode numerous proteins that do not directly participate in virus biogenesis but rather modify key functional systems of infected cells. We report that a distinct group of giant viruses infecting unicellular eukaryotes that includes Organic Lake Phycodnaviruses and Phaeocystis globosa virus encode predicted proteorhodopsins that have not been previously detected in viruses. Search of metagenomic sequence data shows that putative viral proteorhodopsins are extremely abundant in marine environments. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that giant viruses acquired proteorhodopsins via horizontal gene transfer from proteorhodopsin-encoding protists although the actual donor(s) could not be presently identified. The pattern of conservation of the predicted functionally important amino acid residues suggests that viral proteorhodopsin homologs function as sensory rhodopsins. We hypothesize that viral rhodopsins modulate light-dependent signaling, in particular phototaxis, in infected protists.This article was reviewed by Igor B. Zhulin and Laksminarayan M. Iyer. For the full reviews, see the Reviewers’ reports section.

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“…A spectacular example of host surface modification is the so-called “Cheshire Cat” strategy where the resistant haploid phase of the algal haptophyte E. huxleyi does not calcify and is “invisible” to viruses, in contrast to the susceptible diploid phase (Frada et al, 2008). Similarly, it was shown that colonial forms of the algal prymnesiophyte P. pouchetii are resistant to viruses because they are surrounded by an “outer skin,” in contrast to individual cells (Brussaard et al, 2007; Jacobsen et al, 2007). Brussaard et al (2005) demonstrated that the morphology (solitary versus colonial) of the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis globosa differently regulate viral control of P. globosa bloom formation, depending on irradiance, nutrient, and grazing regimes.…”

Section: Reistance Of Viral Host Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental bacteriophages: viruses of microbes in aquatic ecosystems

Sime-Ngando

2014

Front. Microbiol.

116

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Since the discovery 2–3 decades ago that viruses of microbes are abundant in marine ecosystems, viral ecology has grown increasingly to reach the status of a full scientific discipline in environmental sciences. A dedicated ISVM society, the International Society for Viruses of Microorganisms, (http://www.isvm.org/) was recently launched. Increasing studies in viral ecology are sources of novel knowledge related to the biodiversity of living things, the functioning of ecosystems, and the evolution of the cellular world. This is because viruses are perhaps the most diverse, abundant, and ubiquitous biological entities in the biosphere, although local environmental conditions enrich for certain viral types through selective pressure. They exhibit various lifestyles that intimately depend on the deep-cellular mechanisms, and are ultimately replicated by members of all three domains of cellular life (Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea), as well as by giant viruses of some eukaryotic cells. This establishes viral parasites as microbial killers but also as cell partners or metabolic manipulators in microbial ecology. The present chapter sought to review the literature on the diversity and functional roles of viruses of microbes in environmental microbiology, focusing primarily on prokaryotic viruses (i.e., phages) in aquatic ecosystems, which form the bulk of our knowledge in modern environmental viral ecology.

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Phaeocystis and its interaction with viruses

Cited by 61 publications

References 57 publications

Seasonal Dynamics of Haptophytes and dsDNA Algal Viruses Suggest Complex Virus-Host Relationship

Seasonal Dynamics of Haptophytes and dsDNA Algal Viruses Suggest Complex Virus-Host Relationship

Proteorhodopsin genes in giant viruses

Environmental bacteriophages: viruses of microbes in aquatic ecosystems

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