Phage composition of a fermented milk and colostrum product assessed by microbiome array; putative role of open reading frames in reference to cell signaling and neurological development

Abstract

Bacteriophages (phages), Earth's most numerous biological entities, are natural constituents of alimentary matrices; in this study we describe the characterization of phage populations in a product obtained by fermentation of bovine milk and colostrum. Such characterizations were achieved using a microarray consisting of a chip covered in short DNA sequences that are specific to certain target organisms for a total of approximately 12,000 species. The only viruses evidenced by the array belonged to Siphoviridae, the largest phage family that targets bacteria and archea. The array yielded 27 iterations corresponding to a unique target. We discuss the putative role of some open reading frames of these phages in conferring health-supporting properties.

Effects on the Immune System of a Three-Month Consumption of an Extremely Diverse Probiotic Yogurt: Decrease of Serum Alpha-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase Activity, Detoxification and Gut Microbiota Normalization

“…Reduction of serum nagalase activity is consistent with the observation that the extremely biodiverse probiotic yogurt described in this article has high Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor activity as demonstrated in recent studies (Pacini and Ruggiero, 2020;Carter et al, 2020). In addition to the effects on modulation of macrophage activity, it is worth noting that the probiotic yogurt used in this experience is highly fermented.…”

Effects on the immune system of a three-month consumption of an extremely diverse probiotic yogurt: decrease of serum alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity, detoxification and gut microbiota normalization

“…Reduction of serum nagalase activity is consistent with the observation that the extremely biodiverse probiotic yogurt described in this article has high Gc protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor activity as demonstrated in recent studies (2,4). In addition to the effects on modulation of macrophage activity, it is worth noting that the probiotic yogurt used in this experience is highly fermented.…”

“…We have previously observed and reported in two recent articles (1,2) that the consumption of an extremely biodiverse probiotic yogurt with a unique microbial composition is associated with detoxification of non-metal toxicants (3), decrease of serum alpha-Nacetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) activity (3,4), decrease of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (4), decrease of markers specific for multiple myeloma (5), and a dramatic decrease of viral load in Hepatitis B (6).…”

Natural Plasmids in a Swiss Fermented Milk and Colostrum Product assessed by Microbiome Array

“…The Axiom Microbiome Array was performed by Eurofins Microbiology Laboratories Inc. (New Berlin, Wisconsin, USA) on a commercially available product designated Freeze-Dried Bravo-Colostrum and Probiotic Complex (Silver Spring Sagl, Arzo-Mendrisio, Switzerland). The results presented in this paper refer to the same product whose composition in phages was recently described [12]. After fermentation of bovine milk and colostrum at room temperature for 48 hrs, the resulting fermented product undergoes the process of freeze drying.…”

“…Natural plasmids are omnipresent in fermented ailments ranging from Bulgarian yogurts [8] to Thai sausages, Kimchi or pickling crabs [9], from Swedish and German sour doughs [10] to Indonesian dadih (fermented buffalo milk) [11]. We recently described the microbial composition of a Swiss fermented milk and colostrum product whose versions have been used in the nutritional approach to chronic conditions since 2014; in that study, we focused our attention on the composition in bacteriophages [12]. Our description was based on exhaustive genetic analysis using a novel type of microarray, the Axiom Microbiome Array, a tool for analysis that is "the most comprehensive microbial detection platform built to date" [13].…”