Phagocytosis and killing of bacteria and yeast by human milk cells after opsonisation in aqueous phase of milk.

Robinson, J. E.; Harvey, B A; Soothill, J. F.

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6125.1443

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…One can speculate that the increased number of cells as well as the higher levels of TNFα and, to a lesser extent, lactoferrin in human milk can help the nursing child cope with infection. This is supported by the proven ability of macrophages and leukocytes from human milk to kill enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Giardia lamblia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans (30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Riskin Et Almentioning

confidence: 96%

Changes in immunomodulatory constituents of human milk in response to active infection in the nursing infant

et al. 2011

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INTRODUCTION:To investigate whether immunologic factors in breast milk change in response to nursing infants' infection. RESULTS: Total cD45 leukocyte count dropped from 5,655 (median and interquartile range: 1,911; 16,871) in the acute phase to 2,122 (672; 6,819) cells/ml milk after recovery with macrophage count decreasing from 1,220 (236; 3,973) to 300 (122; 945) cells/ml. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels decreased from 3.66 ± 1.68 to 2.91 ± 1.51 pg/ml. The decrease in lactoferrin levels was of borderline statistical significance. such differences were not recorded in samples of the controls. Interleukin-10 levels decreased in the sick infants' breast milk after recovery, but also in the healthy controls, requiring further investigation. secretory immunoglobulin a levels did not change significantly in the study or control group. DISCUSSION: During active infection in nursing infants, the total number of white blood cells, specifically the number of macrophages, and TNFα levels increase in their mothers' breast milk. These results may support the dynamic nature of the immune defense provided by breastfeeding sick infants. METHODS: Breast milk from mothers of 31 infants, up to 3 months of age, who were hospitalized with fever, was sampled during active illness and recovery. Milk from mothers of 20 healthy infants served as controls.T he increased sensitivity of the newborn infant to infections originates from the immaturity of the immune system (1). In addition to transfer of immunoglobulin G to the fetus through the placenta, breastfeeding constitutes an important immunological support that the mammalian mother can provide to her relatively immunocompromised offspring against infections during the first months of life (2-6). The immune system in human milk includes secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), immunoglobulin G, free fatty acids, monoglycerides, proteins such as lactoferrin, lactalbumin, glycans, nonabsorbed oligosaccharides, exosomes, immunomodulators such as cytokines, nucleic acids, antioxidants, and immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes (1,4,5,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). All these immunologic milk constituents interact together and with the newborn's gut directly or indirectly (e.g., by changing the gut flora) to increase immunity against infection, and probably also contribute to the maturation and efficiency of the newborn immune system (5,6).Many studies in both industrialized and developing countries have shown that nursing infants are less vulnerable to infections during their first months of life, including gastroenteritis, respiratory infections, otitis media, urinary tract infections, and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants (3,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25).The mechanisms involved in the immunity provided by human milk to the nursing infant are not fully understood. Until recently, it was believed that the changes in immunological constituents of breast milk were mostly related to the time that elapsed from delivery or, in some cases,...

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Section: Riskin Et Almentioning

confidence: 96%

Changes in immunomodulatory constituents of human milk in response to active infection in the nursing infant

et al. 2011

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“…They are capable of phagocytosis and killing of bacteria and fungi (14), and they produce lysozyme and prostaglandins (15), modulate lymphocyte reactivity (16), and protect against experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (17). Intracellular IgA is present within these macrophages (18,19).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of a Secretory IgA Receptor on Breast-Milk Macrophages: Evidence for Specific Activation Via These Receptors

1991

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ABSTRACT. Binding of secretory IgA (sIgA) to human milk macrophages was identified by rosette formation with sIgA-sensitized indicator cells and competitive inhibition binding studies with P 25 I)_sIgA. Macrophages formed rosettes with sIgA-sensitized sheep red blood cells that were inhibited by sIgA (87%) but not IgG. Both IgA) and IgA 2 inhibited sIgA-sensitized sheep red blood cell rosette formation. Rosette formation was completely inhibited by galactose, partially inhibited by asialofetuin, and unaffected by mannose. ( J25I)-labeled sIgA binding to macrophages reached a plateau after 60 min, was dependent on the number of macrophages in culture, and was specifically inhibited by unlabeled sIgA. Incubation of macrophage monolayers with increasing concentrations of sIgA-antiIgA immune complexes resulted in a progressive increase in the oxidative burst and increased secretion of prostaglandins. These studies indicate that human milk macrophages have a receptor for sIgA and that activation of these macrophages may occur via these receptors. (Pediatr Res 29: 429-434, 1991)

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“…Although there are a few studies on milk colostral phagocytes' ability to ingest and kill pathogenic microorganisms (12,30) their ability to elicit ADCC has not presently been tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Dependent Cytotoxicity of Human Colostrum Phagocytes

et al. 1982

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Summaryhave given contradicting results. Robinson et al. (30) found macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytose and kill Staph aureus MOnOc~tes and ~~~~~o~~~o~u c~~a~ neutro~hils of human ~010s-and E, co[i in vi[ro very efficiently after opsonization by the trum were identified using cytochemical staining procedures. The aqueous phase of milk. On the other hand Ho and Lawton (12) cO1Ostral phagocytes in antibody dependent found good phagocytic power of colostral cells but poor killing cellular cytotoxicity was found to be satisfactory at high effector/ activity of E, coli, target cells ratio (20:l) Colostral monocytes showed a diminishedThe aim of the present work was to further study the function cytotoxicity when 'Ompared mOnOcytes of Or of colostral phagocytes (monocytes and polymorphonuclear neuperipheral blood at low effector/target cells ratio (1:l). This could trophils). We tested their ability to elicit antibody-dependent be due to the extensive fat ingestion by these Or other cellular cytotoxicity i.e., their ability to kill anitbody-coated target inhibitory factors found in colostrum.cells in vitro.We also tested the ability of peripheral blood monocytes who Speculation had phagocytosed lipid to elicit antibody-dependent cytotoxicity.The demonstration of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity of colostral phagocytes gives further support to the biological MATERIALS AND METHODS importance of the cellular components of human milk.Collection of colostrum. Colostrum was obtained from 16 women within the first 5 days following delivery. Mothers manually There is now growing information documenting that human expressed their milk into sterile plastic containers. The samples breast milk is superior to cow's milk in minimizing both the were brought to the laboratory within one hour of collection. morbidity and mortality of infants (3,4,29,35). The immunologic Preparation of colostal cells. Because of the high fat content of factors in human milk that offer resistance against infection to the colostrum, the usual procedures for identification of the white neonates are summarized in several review articles (26,28,34). In cells in the peripheral blood could not be applied. Consequently contrast the functions of the cellular components of human milk alternate methods were devised. Samples were centrifused at 200 have received relatively little attention till recently. The white cells x g for 25 min. During centrifugation the milk separated into of human colostrum were first observed in 1839 by Alexander three layers: a cell pellet, middle layer and fat layer. The cell pellet Donne (6). These cells were rediscovered in 1966 by Smith work-was washed twice in Eagle's basal medium (BME) and resusing in Goldman's laboratory (31). They were found to be present pended in the same medium plus 10% foetal calf serum (FCS) at concentrations of 0.5-10 million cells/ml in colostrum and Subsequently the cells were counted in a haemocytometer. The comprise 30-85% macrophages, 1-80% polymorphonuclears and viability of cells...

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Phagocytosis and killing of bacteria and yeast by human milk cells after opsonisation in aqueous phase of milk.

Cited by 53 publications

References 8 publications

Changes in immunomodulatory constituents of human milk in response to active infection in the nursing infant

Changes in immunomodulatory constituents of human milk in response to active infection in the nursing infant

Identification of a Secretory IgA Receptor on Breast-Milk Macrophages: Evidence for Specific Activation Via These Receptors

Antibody Dependent Cytotoxicity of Human Colostrum Phagocytes

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