Phagocytosis of insect haemocytes as a new alternative model

Abstract

Phagocytosis is an important function of both insect haemocytes and mammalian blood cells. Linden bugs and cotton leaf worms have been suggested as new alternative models for ecological and drug toxicology but no data on their haemocyte physiology have been published. Our assays with particle ingestion of the NBT test were carried out on prohaemocytes, granulocytes, plasmatocytes and spherulocytes of adult linden bug and cotton leaf worm larvae. We found that phagocytic activity is on average 10% in the linden bug, and 50% in cotton leaf worm haemocytes: the phagocytic index is 3.5 in both species and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction is 0.5 in the linden bug and 3.2 in the cotton leaf worm. Phagocytic charactersitics of the prohaemocytes and granulocytes in the cotton leaf worm are closed to mammalian neutrophil physiology. Our data suggest that cotton leaf worm haemocytes may be a new potential alternative model for screening of phagocytosis.

Quantitative and Qualitative Impacts of Selected Arthropod Venoms on the Larval Haemogram of the Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

“…The primary functions of haemocytes are: coagulation to prevent loss of blood, phagocytosis, encapsulation of foreign bodies in the insect body cavity, nodule formation, detoxification of metabolites and biological active materials and distribution of nutritive materials to various tissues and stored them also and may be hormones (for more detail, see: Garcia and Rosales [71], Zhou et al [72] The insect haemogram serves as a good indicator of the insect physiology during growth and adulthood [104], as well as the environmental adaptability in each developmental stage of insects [105][106][107]. Also, the insect haemogram is suggested to be a useful tool for investigation of toxic effects of toxic materials on biocontrol agents because alterations in structure, types and number of cells reflect changes in physiological and biochemical processes [84,85,108].…”

“…In addition, insects have been widely used in other fields of biomedical research, such as neuroscience [82,83]. In general, knowledge of the haemogram of an insect is necessary to physiologists, toxicologists and biochemists, as alterations in hemocyte structure, types and number reflects changes in different physiological and biochemical processes [84,85]. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the disruptive effects of venoms of L. quinquestriatus, A. mellifera and V. orientalis on the most important parameters of larval haemogram of G. mellonella.…”

Virulence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Steinernema glaseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (HP88 strain) Against the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon.

“…The time was chosen according to preliminary observations on penetration of both EPNs species. b-Phagocytic activity is expressed as the ratio between the number of haemocytes with phagocytised particles and the number of all evaluated haemocytes according to (Berger and Jurčová, 2012).…”

Quantitatively Disturbed Larval Haemogram of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by Certain Plant Growth Regulators

“…In addition, the estimation of total haemogram in insects includes the determination of mitotic index, cytological features of hemocytes and blood volume or haemolymph volume (Bardoloi et al, 2016;Ghoneim, 2019). The insect haemogram is suggested to be a useful tool for the investigation of the effects of toxic materials on biocontrol agents because alterations in structure, types and the number of cells reflect changes in physiological and biochemical processes (Qamar and Jamal, 2009;Berger and Jurčová, 2012;Ghoneim et al, 2021a). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impacts of the PGRs, viz., indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 6-benzyladenine, on the most important quantitative characters of the larval haemogram of G. mellonella, viz., total and differential hemocyte counts.…”