2006
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01804.x
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Phagocytosis, Production of Nitric Oxide and Pro‐inflammatory Cytokines by Macrophages in the Presence of Dematiaceus Fungi that Causes Chromoblastomycosis

Abstract: Chromoblastomycosis is characterized by the slow development of polymorphic skin lesions (nodules, verrucas, tumores, plaques and scar tissue). Inside the host, infectious propagules adhere to epithelial cells and differentiate into sclerotic forms, which effectively resist destruction by host effector cells and allow onset of chronic disease. A cellular immune response against fungi is essential to control infection. Amongst the cells of the immune system, macrophages play the most important role in controlli… Show more

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Cited by 34 publications
(31 citation statements)
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References 23 publications
(26 reference statements)
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“…The phagocytic index was higher for Fonsecaea pedrosoi, C. carrionii, and Rhinocladiella aquaspersa than for other fungi, suggesting that the phagocytic processes of macrophages may differ between black yeast species. Complement-mediated phagocytosis was more important with Phialophora verrucosa and R. aquaspersa than with F. pedrosoi and was inhibited by mannan (75). In this study, killing by macrophages was significant for R. aquaspersa only, while the remaining fungi were able to survive within macrophages.…”
Section: Innate Immunitymentioning
confidence: 55%
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“…The phagocytic index was higher for Fonsecaea pedrosoi, C. carrionii, and Rhinocladiella aquaspersa than for other fungi, suggesting that the phagocytic processes of macrophages may differ between black yeast species. Complement-mediated phagocytosis was more important with Phialophora verrucosa and R. aquaspersa than with F. pedrosoi and was inhibited by mannan (75). In this study, killing by macrophages was significant for R. aquaspersa only, while the remaining fungi were able to survive within macrophages.…”
Section: Innate Immunitymentioning
confidence: 55%
“…Moreover, major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and CD80 expression was downregulated. Similarly, in vitro studies demonstrated that the expression of MHC-II and CD80 molecules in macrophages was downmodulated in the presence of black yeasts (75). In addition, phagocytosis of black yeast cells or conidia by Langerhans cells inhibited the expression of CD40 and CD86 (96).…”
Section: Innate Immunitymentioning
confidence: 92%
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“…In addition, melanin may bind to hydrolytic enzymes, thereby preventing their action on the plasma membrane, and to antifungal drugs, preventing their action (370,375,547,768). There is also evidence that certain melanized fungi are less susceptible to phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils and macrophages (334,584). These multiple functions may help explain the pathogenic potential of some dematiaceous fungi, even in immunocompetent hosts.…”
Section: Role Of Melaninmentioning
confidence: 99%