Phamacokinetics of aztreonam in the aqueous humour

Haroche, G.; Salvanet, A.; Lafaix, C; Dubayle, Ph.; Forestier, F; Meulmans, A.; Lang, Tzu-Wang

doi:10.1093/jac/18.2.195

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Experimental data from animals (Barza & McCue 1983) suggest that the diffusion from the subconjuctival space to cornea and aqueous humour is satisfactory, while that to vitreous humour is not. In patients, the distribution of aztreonam from plasma to aqueous humour is slow, and low relative concentrations are reached after a single intravenous injection (Haroche et al 1986). Again it is possible that if no active transport out of the aqueous humour occurs, after some time an equilibrium will be reached.…”

Section: Ocular Compartmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Aztreonam

Mattie

1988

Clinical Pharmacokinetics

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Aztreonam (azthreonam) is practically completely absorbed after intramuscular injection. After intravenous injection plasma concentrations follow a 2-compartment open model, with a t1/2 alpha of 0.20 hours. Volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) after intravenous or intramuscular injection is about 0.16 L/kg (0.42 L/kg for the free drug). After oral administration less than 1% of the drug is absorbed. Over a large dosage range plasma concentrations increase linearly with dose. No accumulation occurs after multiple dosing. Plasma binding in healthy subjects is about 56% and is not concentration dependent. Diffusion into tissues is generally slow, and the ratio between mean tissue and plasma concentration seems to depend mainly on the composition of the tissue. In inflamed meninges, penetration of aztreonam into CSF is more rapid than with uninflamed meninges. Diffusion through the placenta is poor, as is diffusion into breast milk. The main route of elimination of aztreonam is by the kidney, partly by active tubular excretion, but this can be inhibited by probenecid. Extrarenal clearance is probably due to excretion by the liver. Metabolism occurs to a very limited extent. Total plasma clearance in healthy adults is about 140 ml/min (8.4 L/h) or 2 ml/min/kg (0.12 L/h/kg), and terminal half-life is 1.7 hours. In children clearance is similar to that in adults when expressed as a function of bodyweight, but in neonates, especially in low birthweight infants, it is less [about 1 ml/min/kg (0.06 L/h/kg)]. In various disease states the Vdss of aztreonam is not appreciably different from that found in healthy individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Ocular Compartmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Aztreonam

Mattie

1988

Clinical Pharmacokinetics

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“…Studies of aztreonam kinetics in human eye [15] revealed mean aqueous humor levels, 1–4 h after a 2‐g intravenous infusion, of 1.22–2.22 mg/L. These levels far exceeded the MICs for most Enterobacteriaceae, with the exception of Enterobacter spp., but not that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of acetazolamide on the kinetics of four newer β-lactams in the aqueous humor

Voutsinas¹,

Kavouklis

Voutsinas

et al. 2001

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Aztreonam

Cunha

1993

Urology

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Aztreonam is the first monobactam and is unique among beta-lactam antibiotics for its spectrum of activity that is exclusively active against gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Broad clinical experience with this agent supports its use in the treatment of adults with severe or complicated urologic infections. Aztreonam may be safely used in patients with penicillin allergy. With a spectrum of activity that is comparable to the aminoglycosides but without the potential for ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity, aztreonam represents a rational choice of therapy for treatment of systemic urinary tract infections due to susceptible organisms.

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Phamacokinetics of aztreonam in the aqueous humour

Abstract: Fifteen patients awaiting cataract extraction were given a 2 g intravenous bolus injection of aztreonam. The mean aztreonam concentrations in the aqueous humour. 1, 2 and 4 h after the injection were 1.22, 1.46 and 2.22 mg/l, respectively.

Cited by 5 publications

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Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Aztreonam

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Aztreonam

The effect of acetazolamide on the kinetics of four newer β-lactams in the aqueous humor

Aztreonam

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