Pharmaceutical applications of chitosan

Dodane, V.; Vilivalam, Vinod D.

doi:10.1016/s1461-5347(98)00059-5

Cited by 591 publications

(303 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…İlk olarak 1811 yılında mantarlarda keşfedilmiş daha sonra 1830 lu yıllarda böceklerden izole edilmiştir ve 1859 yılında ise C. Rouget kitozanı keşfetmiştir. [1][2][3][4][5] Kitin (2-asetamid-2-deoksi-β-D-glukoz) doğada yaygın bulunan biyopolimer olup yapısal olarak selüloza benzerdir. Deniz eklem bacaklılarının dış iskeletlerinde, böceklerin epidermislerinde ve mantarların hücre duvarlarında bulunur.…”

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“…Deniz eklem bacaklılarının dış iskeletlerinde, böceklerin epidermislerinde ve mantarların hücre duvarlarında bulunur. 1,[4][5][6][7][8] . Kitin hidrofobik, suda ve bir çok organik çözücüde çözünmeyen bir polisakkarittir.…”

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“…Kitin hidrofobik, suda ve bir çok organik çözücüde çözünmeyen bir polisakkarittir. 1 Kitozan kitinin deasetilzasyonu ile elde edilen polikatyonik bir polimerdir. 1,4,5,7,8 Pozitif iyon yüküne sahip doğal bir polisakkarit olduğu için proteinler, anyonik polisakkaritler ve nükleik asitler gibi negatif yüklü moleküllerle etkileşime girebilirler.…”

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“…1 Kitozan kitinin deasetilzasyonu ile elde edilen polikatyonik bir polimerdir. 1,4,5,7,8 Pozitif iyon yüküne sahip doğal bir polisakkarit olduğu için proteinler, anyonik polisakkaritler ve nükleik asitler gibi negatif yüklü moleküllerle etkileşime girebilirler. 9 Kitozan deasetile bir kitindir ve asetik asit, formik asit gibi dilue asitlerde çözülebilir.…”

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“…Kitozanın asidik çözeltilerde tam olarak, zayıf alkalin çözeltilerde ise kısmen çözünür. 1 Kitinin dolayısı ile kitozanın elde edildiği kaynağın farklılığına göre değişen özellikleri maddenin tüm özelliklerine yansır. Kitinin elde edildiği kaynağa göre 3 değişik kristal formu ( α-, β-, γ-) bulunmaktadır.…”

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Di̇ş Heki̇mli̇ği̇nde Ki̇ti̇n Ve Ki̇tozan

Oyar¹

2015

Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi

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Di̇ş Heki̇mli̇ği̇nde Ki̇ti̇n Ve Ki̇tozan

Oyar¹

2015

Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi

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In vitro andin vivo biocompatibility of chitosan-xanthan polyionic complex

Chellat

Tabrizian

Dumitriu

et al. 2000

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

127

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A novel hydrogel, CHITOXAN(TM) (CH-X), has potential as a vehicle for controlled drug delivery. The hydrogel is obtained by complexation of two polysaccharides, chitosan and xanthan. In the present work we investigated the biocompatibility of the complex using in vitro and in vivo models. The cytotoxic effects of CH-X microspheres as well as their degradation products at different concentrations were assessed on fibroblasts (fibroblast cell line L-929) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2yl)-2,5-triphenyl tetrazolium) (MTT). The test is based on mitochondrial dehydrogenase cell activity as an indicator of cell viability. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) cytokines as well as nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages (macrophage cell line J-774) were examined as indicators of cell activation. In vivo biocompatibility assessment was performed for 1 to 12 weeks. This study was performed using tablets obtained after compression of CH-X particles implanted at the subcutaneous level in male Wistar rats. CH-X biocompatibility and degradation were investigated using histological studies. Light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were used to determine the foreign-body reaction and phagocytosis of the implants by macrophages. Fibroblast exposition to CH-X particles and degradation products did not show cytotoxic effects as measured by MTT test. TNF-alpha production was dependent on CH-X particles concentration, whereas IL-1beta production was found to be dose independent. CH-X extract products stimulated TNF-alpha secretion when used at the highest concentration (10 mg/mL), notably after 28 days' degradation time. No effect was observed on IL-1beta production when CH-X extracts were used in comparison to the control. The effects of CH-X particles on NO secretion were similar as on TNF-alpha. Histological studies showed that CH-X tablets broke down into particles which progressively degraded into smaller fragments. A significant fraction of the fragments was ingested by the macrophages after 12 weeks of implantation. Light microscopy studies showed a weak foreign-body reaction as a function of time and the fibrous layer thickness decreased with time of implantation.

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Biodegradable Polymers: Medical Applications

Kunduru

Basu

Domb

2016

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Biodegradable polymers are the “green materials” of the future. They break down into smaller chemical fragments and are finally eliminated from the body. Biodegradable polymers have been used for more than 50 years with diverse applications such as surgical sutures, wound dressings, tissue regeneration, enzyme immobilization, controlled drug delivery and gene delivery, tissue engineering scaffold, cryopreservation, nanotechnology, medical implants and devices, prosthetics, augmentation, cosmetics, sanitation products, coatings, adhesives, and many more. This article reviews synthetic (esters, amides, ethers, urethanes) and natural (polysaccharides and proteins) biodegradable polymers, highlighting their biomedical applications.

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Pharmaceutical applications of chitosan

Cited by 591 publications

References 51 publications

Di̇ş Heki̇mli̇ği̇nde Ki̇ti̇n Ve Ki̇tozan

Di̇ş Heki̇mli̇ği̇nde Ki̇ti̇n Ve Ki̇tozan

In vitro andin vivo biocompatibility of chitosan-xanthan polyionic complex

Biodegradable Polymers: Medical Applications

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