Advances in binder
jet printing (BJP) require the development of
new binder–powder systems, for example, to increase compatibility
with better performance metal alloys or to increase the strength of
parts using stronger binders. The dynamics of binder absorption are
principally understood through capillary models. However, validation
of these models in BJP has focused on variation of powder properties.
Using a design-of-experiments approach and an optical observation
method to track absorption of droplets, this study tests the influence
of fluid properties on absorption time against the predictions of
capillary models. Properties specific to polymeric binders, such as
molecular weight and entanglement state, are also considered. Capillary
models are found to be generally accurate in predicting absorption
time in dilute systems; however, these predictions are not accurate
for highly concentrated binder solutions. The effect of polymer entanglement
becomes prevalent as the solution concentration increases, which can
also potentially occur as a result of increased evaporation due to
powder bed heating. Specifically, concentrated solutions close to
the onset of entanglement will absorb much more slowly than predicted.
Future models of BJP systems must account for the possibility of polymer
entanglement throughout the absorption process. Improved models will
provide a more accurate understanding of the flow and solidification
of the binder in the powder, allowing faster development of new binders
for improved performance in printing.