“…native from southern Asia (Willenbacher et al, 2019 ). In turmeric, curcumin is identified as the major active curcuminoids, as compared to its two dimethoxy derivatives, dimethoxycurcumin (DMC, one -OMe at the outer phenol rings is removed) and bis-demethoxycurcumin (BMC, two -OMes are removed), with the ratio being 77:3:17 (Ma et al, 2019 ). Over the past few decades, a plenty of curcumin bioactivities have been revealed, including anti-cancer (Nagaraju et al, 2019 ; Yedjou et al, 2019 ), anti-inflammation (Farhood et al, 2019 ), antioxidation (Abrahams et al, 2019 ), anti-microbe (Sharifi et al, 2020 ), anti-hepatotoxicity (Fujiwara et al, 2008 ) and anti-Alzheimer (Bhat et al, 2019 ), and this wide range of biological effects has been attributed to essential molecules related to human diseases, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs), glutathione, protein kinase C, ATPase, NF-κB, activator protein 1 (AP-1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP-1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP-2), and cyclin D1 (Lev-Ari et al, 2006 ; Stridh et al, 2010 ; Kao et al, 2011 ; Sreenivasan et al, 2012 ; Mishra et al, 2015 ; Ge et al, 2016 ; Lopes-Rodrigues et al, 2016 ; Seo et al, 2016 ; Zhu et al, 2016 ).…”