Pharmaceuticals and Related Drugs

Wimer, D. C.; Theivagt, James G.; Papendick, V. E.

doi:10.1021/ac60224a013

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An extensive bibliography has been published (15). The present senior author has discussed the general problem with special reference to barbiturates, thiobarbiturates, and metabolites (16,17).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Fate of Drugs: Barbiturates and Closely Related Compounds

Bush¹,

Sanders²

1967

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.

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The literature on drug metabolism has been increasing so rapidly that it is clearly impossible in the present article to cover more than a very narrow area of the subject. There are a number of recent comprehensive papers or reviews (1-7) . In order to avoid undue repetition (which is indeed difficult!) the authors have chosen to focus their attention on the barbiturates and certain closely related compounds, an area which apparently has not been brought up to date since the reviews of Williams & Parke (8) and Mark (9). The moderate number of papers which have appeared since about mid-1963 will be reviewed from two points of view: the specific chemical alterations brought about by metabolic systems, and the influence of pretreatment with the same or another drug on the rates of these enzymatic reactions. Both in vitro and in vivo studies will be considered. The many physiological factors which have been shown to affect drug metabolism (age, sex, heredity, species and strain, state of health, etc.) will not be discussed. Extensive papers on most of these subjects have recently appeared (10-13).Since it is so important an aspect of the subject, qualitative and quan titative methodology will be discussed in relation to some of the recent im provements in techniques for the detection and estimation of barbiturates and their metabolites in biological material. METHODOLOGYThe detection and estimation of barbiturates and closely related drugs and their metabolites continue to receive much attention, clearly because no satisfactory comprehensive systematic procedures have yet been devel oped. Paper, thin-layer, and now gas chromatography have become increas ingly popular. The older (classical) procedures involving recovery by solvent extraction, purification by systematic multiple extractions, or countercurrent distribution (CCD), followed by identification and quantitation by ultra violet spectrophotometry, have never been developed to their fullest poten tial. It would seem that coordination of the "classical" procedures with one or another of the chromatographic techniques will be necessary if a satis factory methodology is to be worked out. Most recent authors have focused 1 The survey of the literature pertaining to this review was concluded June 30, 1966.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Fate of Drugs: Barbiturates and Closely Related Compounds

Bush¹,

Sanders²

1967

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.

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“…Steroid separations by GC were reviewed through the end of 1963 (456) as was the gas chromatographic separation of lipids (301 667). applied reviews issue of ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY cites several hundred references to applications of gas chromatography published during 1963 and 1964 in the fields of air pollution (22), clinical chemistiy (360) , coatings (589), essential oils and related products @go), pharmaceuticals and drugs (661), rubber (651), and solid and gaseous fuels ( 7 ) . In addition to these reviews, the status of GC in the criminalistics laboratory has been reviewed (363) as has its application to carbohydrate analysis (67), the separation of the isotopes and isomers of hydrogen (1 7 ) , and pyrolysis techniques (479) ' The Preston Technical Abstracts Co. (506) continues its excellent service to workers in the field of gas chromatography by issuing weekly abstracts of all papers and major addresses on 5-X 8inch needle sort notched cards, often within a matter of weeks following publication of the original article.…”

Section: Books and Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steroid separations by GC were reviewed through the end of 1963 (456) as was the gas chromatographic separation of lipids (SOI, 667). The 1965 applied reviews issue of Analytical Chemistry cites several hundred references to applications of gas chromatography published during 1963 and 1964 in the fields of air pollution (22), clinical chemistry (360), coatings (589), essential oils and related products (240), pharmaceuticals and drugs (661), rubber (651), and solid and gaseous fuels (7). In addition to these reviews, the status of GC in the criminalistics laboratory has been reviewed (363) as has its application to carbohydrate analysis (67), the separa-and yield in a single apparatus, Scott (554) points out that while the choice of one of these desirable operating characteristics precludes the remaining two, some compromise in the column system may be made to obtain a reasonable performance in all three aspects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography

Nogare¹,

Juvet²

1966

Anal. Chem.

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“…Books dealing with "Polarography of Polymers'' (64) and "Organic Polarographic Analysis" (947) hare been published. Two books containing a listing of literature covering polarography through 1964 also became available (340,341 ) Yunierous reviews have appeared on the applications of polarography to pesticide analysis (98,224,226,524), lignin chemistry (627), cytostatically active compounds ($239, smoke analysis (700), proteins (114, 567, 893), pharmaceuticals and drugs (1 74, 242, 249,329,659,917), petroleum analysis (171 , 318,942), polymers (63), biocheniical analysis (661)) feed medicament analysis (9), clinical chemistry (104) , and enzyme activity (435). Other reviews have covered organic analysis (119,169,830,331) , organic polarography (496,543,583,773,805,897,914,946) and application to electrochemical synthesis (28.5) * Specialized polarographic reviews were concerned with alkaloids and their analysis (706), the effect of pH on halfwave potentials (176), utilization in assigning ring and chain structures and following the rate of tautomerism (344), polarography of enediols (log), substituted 3-phenyl-sydnones (767) , carbon disulfide and derivatives (639) and organic peroxides (269), the study of electron and proton transfer (6), the progress and problems in electrode kinetics (84) and the techniques for studying kinetics of oxidation (210).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Polarography

Pietrzyk¹

1966

Anal. Chem.

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HIS REVIEW covers articles which T have appeared in Chemical Abstracts and readily available journals during the two-year period ending November 1, 1965. As in the past, duplications and reinvestigations of previous work appear widely, and the tendency for authors to publish the same work in more than one journal has continued.This period has seen the publication of a special issue of Talanta honoring the 70th year for Professor Izaak If. Kolthoff (411). This issue is comprised entirely of invited contributions of his former students and associates and a list of Professor Kolthoff's past publications. Best wishes go to Professor Kolthoff for many more years of fruitful labor.Polarographic advances in Japan ( m 4 , 800, 801) and in Prague (429) were reviewed. The use of electron spin resonance spectrometry in evaluating electrode reactions in which free radicals are formed has continued t o grow (3, 25). Books dealing with "Polarography of Polymers'' (64) and "Organic Polarographic Analysis" (947) hare been published. Two books containing a listing of literature covering polarography through 1964 also became available (340,341 ) Yunierous reviews have appeared on the applications of polarography to pesticide analysis (98,224,226,524), lignin chemistry (627), cytostatically active compounds ($239, smoke analysis (700), proteins (114, 567,893), pharmaceuticals and drugs (1 74, 242, 249,329, 659,917), petroleum analysis (171 , 318,942), polymers (63), biocheniical analysis (661)) feed medicament analysis (9), clinical chemistry (104) , and enzyme activity (435). Other reviews have covered organic analysis (119,169,830,331) , organic polarography (496, 543, 583,773,805,897,914,946) and application to electrochemical synthesis (28.5) * Specialized polarographic reviews were concerned with alkaloids and their analysis (706), the effect of pH on halfwave potentials (176), utilization in assigning ring and chain structures and following the rate of tautomerism (344), polarography of enediols (log), substituted 3-phenyl-sydnones (767) , carbon disulfide and derivatives (639) and organic peroxides (269), the study of electron and proton transfer (6), the progress and problems in electrode kinetics (84) and the techniques for studying kinetics of oxidation (210).Reviews on adsorption of organic compounds at electrode surfaces (13, 218,443) and effect on reduction (493), a theoretical treatment of adsorption (136), and studies in adsorption isotherms (148) have appeared. Oscillographic and alternating current polarography were used to study the effects of anionic, cationic, and neutral surface active agents on polarographic analysis (337). Additional studies on adsorption are included under specific compounds.Studies in nonaqueous media have been reviewed (199,253,412). Other studies, however, mere concerned with the effects of different solvents on polarographic active compounds ($11, 71 9 ) .Work on the correlation of half-wave potentials with various constants continues. The relationship between halfwave potential...

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Pharmaceuticals and Related Drugs

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Metabolic Fate of Drugs: Barbiturates and Closely Related Compounds

Metabolic Fate of Drugs: Barbiturates and Closely Related Compounds

Gas Chromatography

Organic Polarography

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