Pharmacist prescribing of hormonal contraceptives: Results of the Direct Access study

Gardner, Jacqueline S.; Downing, Donald F.; Blough, David K.; Miller, Leslie; Le, Stephanie; Shotorbani, Solmaz

doi:10.1331/japha.2008.07138

Cited by 112 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We used questions from validated surveys [15,16,20], where available and appropriate to the purpose of this survey. We created new questions as required to complete the chosen framework.…”

Section: Questionnaire Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Related to education and social status (e.g., earlier adopters are likely to be more educated, literate and have a higher social status than late adopters) 11 11 Among the Innovation Construct Questions, seven were adapted from previously validated instruments [15][16][17] and six were created to ensure complete testing within the theoretical framework chosen. The draft questionnaires were reviewed by all team investigators, as well as by a range of expert volunteers.…”

Section: Sociodemographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Survey to Assess the Acceptability of an Innovative Contraception Practice among Rural Pharmacists

et al. 2014

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Improved access to effective contraceptive methods is needed in Canada, particularly in rural areas, where unintended pregnancy rates are high and specific sexual health services may be further away. A rural pharmacist may be the most accessible health care professional. Pharmacy practice increasingly incorporates cognitive services. In Canada many provinces allow pharmacists to independently prescribe for some indications, but not for hormonal contraception. To assess the acceptability for the implementation of this innovative practice in Canada, we developed and piloted a survey instrument. We chose questions to address the components for adoption and change described in Rogers' "diffusion of innovations" theory. The proposed instrument was iteratively reviewed by 12 experts, then focus group tested among eight pharmacists or students to improve the instrument for face validity, readability, consistency and relevancy to community pharmacists in the Canadian context. We then pilot tested the survey among urban and rural pharmacies. 4% of urban and 35% of rural pharmacies returned pilot surveys. Internal consistency on repeated re-phrased questions was high (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.901). We present our process for the development of a survey instrument to assess the acceptability and feasibility OPEN ACCESSPharmacy 2014, 2 125 among Canadian community pharmacists for the innovative practice of the independent prescribing of hormonal contraception.

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“…We used questions from validated surveys [15,16,20], where available and appropriate to the purpose of this survey. We created new questions as required to complete the chosen framework.…”

Section: Questionnaire Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sociodemographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Survey to Assess the Acceptability of an Innovative Contraception Practice among Rural Pharmacists

et al. 2014

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“…29 The limited international experiences to date (UK, US, and Canada) suggest that pharmacists are capable of prescribing a range of drug therapies safely and effectively, including oral contraceptives, analgesics, antihypertensives and warfarin. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Expanded roles for pharmacists The pharmacy profession is currently exploring expanded roles in primary care. These include prevention and aspects of chronic disease management 36 with medication reviews in individuals' homes or residential aged care facilities, 37,38 and the development of formularies and reviewing repeat prescriptions.…”

Section: Pharmacist Prescribingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doctor and pharmacist — back to the apothecary!

Liaw¹,

Peterson²

2009

Aust. Health Review

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The Australian National Medicines Policy embodies four tenets: availability, quality, safety and efficacy of medicines; timely access to affordable medicines; quality use of medicines (QUM); and a responsible and viable medicines industry. The promotion of QUM requires a multidisciplinary approach, including contributions from government, the pharmaceutical industry, health professionals, consumers and academia. However, there are significant tensions and unintended effects associated with the multidisciplinary approach, especially with the relationships between prescribers and dispensers of medicines.The general practitioner and the pharmacist share a common ancestor -the apothecary. The separation of dispensing from prescribing, which began in medieval Europe and 19th century England, reframed and confined the patient-doctor relationship to one of diagnosis, prescription and non-drug management. The role of pharmacists was limited to dispensing, though the present trend is for their responsibilities to be widened. Historical antecedents, the contribution of an increasing number of actors to the costs of health care, universal health insurance and an evolving regulatory framework, are among the factors influencing doctor-pharmacist relations.The prescribing and dispensing of medicines must be guided by an ethical clinical governance structure encompassing health professionals, regulators, the pharmaceutical industry and consumers. There must be close monitoring of safety and effectiveness, and promotion of quality use of medicines and improved patient outcomes. Ongoing training and professional development, within and across professional boundaries, is essential to support harmonious and cost-effective interprofessional practice. The approach must be "apothecarial" with complementary roles and responsibilities for the prescriber and dispenser within the patient-clinician therapeutic relation- ship, and not adversarial.

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“…Models exist in the United States to allow pharmacists to independently initiate prescription contraception [9]. For example, Gardiner's Direct Access study demonstrated effectiveness and acceptability for pharmacists to independently provide hormonal contraceptives using protocols [10]. In British Columbia (BC), registered nurses may acquire certification in contraception management, allowing them to use decision-making tools to independently dispense or administer hormonal contraception [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The acceptability of contraception task-sharing among pharmacists in Canada — the ACT-Pharm study

et al. 2015

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Pharmacist prescribing of hormonal contraceptives: Results of the Direct Access study

Cited by 112 publications

References 10 publications

Development of a Survey to Assess the Acceptability of an Innovative Contraception Practice among Rural Pharmacists

Development of a Survey to Assess the Acceptability of an Innovative Contraception Practice among Rural Pharmacists

Doctor and pharmacist — back to the apothecary!

The acceptability of contraception task-sharing among pharmacists in Canada — the ACT-Pharm study

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Pharmacist prescribing of hormonal contraceptives: Results of the Direct Access study

Cited by 112 publications

References 10 publications

Development of a Survey to Assess the Acceptability of an Innovative Contraception Practice among Rural Pharmacists

Development of a Survey to Assess the Acceptability of an Innovative Contraception Practice among Rural Pharmacists

Doctor and pharmacist &mdash; back to the apothecary!

The acceptability of contraception task-sharing among pharmacists in Canada — the ACT-Pharm study

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Product

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Doctor and pharmacist — back to the apothecary!