Pharmacogenetics of Cancer Therapy: Breakthroughs From Beyond?

Abstract

‘Pharmacogenetics or Pharmacogenomics’ (PG) is one of the most practiced cancer therapeutic strategies, tailored for individualized patients. Despite its popularity and rapid advancements in the field, many obstacles for cancer therapy PG still need to be overcome. By borrowing scientific systems from other disciplines such as cancer diagnosis, and therapeutic information from the diversity of tumor origins, categories and stages, cancer therapy PG may hopefully be improved. Furthermore, to quickly acquire genetic and pathologic information and seek therapeutic interventions, possible breakthroughs may come from beyond – changing the cancer therapeutic landscapes. The next generations of PG protocols and hospital routines for searching deadly cancer pathogenic pathways versus drug-targeting predictions are of great clinical significance for the future. Yet, progress of cancer therapy PG is entering into a bottleneck stage owing to simple model of relevant techniques and routines. Promoting or even innovating present PG modular is very necessary. This perspective highlights this issue by introducing new initiatives and ideas.

Chemotherapy and Transplantation: The Role of Immunosuppression in Malignancy and a Review of Antineoplastic Agents in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

“…Targeted therapies are expanding from significant discoveries of tumor mutations, molecular markers, and other genomic properties . Because responses to therapy vary among individuals, the identification of drug‐targeted genes, enzymes, and patient‐specific genetic variations allows clinicians to optimize therapy and improve outcomes . Identifying genetic variants that are related to drug metabolism or transport can be useful in determining risks of toxicities or efficacy for individual patients receiving chemotherapy.…”

Type 2 Diabetes Treatment and Drug Development Study

“…Despite a lot of PG study and report for diabetic therapy, it is not applied as diagnostic routines in general hospitals worldwide. Like PG for cancer treatment [23], approaches outside of the scope of the current diagnostic/therapeutic system might be invented in the future.…”

Herbal medicine in new era

“…This pathologic variation is very suitable for individualized therapeutics such as TCM, drug sensitivity testing and pharmacogenetic approaches (Table 1). [73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] The key quality of different chemotherapeutic agents is the balance between therapeutic responses and toxicities and risks, displaying as a therapeutic index gain. Many currently incurable diseases, such as HIV-infections in humans may come from shortage of effective natural chemotherapeutic drugs and fundamental knowledge of patho-therapeutic relationship.…”