Pharmacognostic, physicochemical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Careya arborea Roxb.; A review

Abstract

Since the birth of humans on this planet, plants have been utilized for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various ailments. C. arborea belonging to family Lecythidaceae is one the most utilized plants. It is a tree having large sessile yellowish flowers and large green berry type fruits with persistent style and calyx. Traditionally is has been used to treat cough and cold, infertility, jaundice developed after delivery, piles, blood dysentery, scorpion sting, sores in intestine, bed sores, ear pain, snake bite, inflammation, ulcer, spermatorrhoea and wounds in humans and corneal opacity and weakness in animals. Many pharmacological activities of this plant are reported viz. antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, α-glucosidase inhibitory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, CNS depressant and anticoagulant. Various phenolic compounds, sterols, terpenes, saponins and tannins have been isolated from this plant. Pharmacognostic studies for its authentication have also been carried out. Hamdard Ghutti® is one of the available polyherbal formulations containing C. arborea. This review provides adequate information about ethnomedicinal uses, general morphology, pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters, phytoconstituents, pharmacological properties, and available formulations of this plant.

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“…Quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside, α-Spinasterol, α-Spinasterone, Barringtogenol C, Barringtogenol D, Maslinic acid, 2α-hydroxy ursolic acid, Desacylescin III, Ellagic acid, Taraxerol, and Quercitin. [5,42] Carica papaya (Caricaceae) Papaya, Papali-Pazham.…”

Careyarboside A: A New Flavan-3-ol Glycoside from the Stems of Careya arborea (Lecythidaceae)

“…Careya arborea Roxb. (Lecythidaceae), commonly known as wild guava in English and kumbhi in Hindi, is a large evergreen tree found in deciduous forests and grasslands throughout Sri Lanka, India, and the Malay Peninsula up to an altitude of 1500 meters [1]. Te dried stem bark of this plant has been widely used as traditional medicine for the treatment of tumors, infammation, epileptic fts, skin disease, dysentery with bloody stools, dyspepsia, ulcer, and chronic ear pain, as well as an anthelmintic, astringent, and antidote to snake venom [1][2][3].…”

“…(Lecythidaceae), commonly known as wild guava in English and kumbhi in Hindi, is a large evergreen tree found in deciduous forests and grasslands throughout Sri Lanka, India, and the Malay Peninsula up to an altitude of 1500 meters [1]. Te dried stem bark of this plant has been widely used as traditional medicine for the treatment of tumors, infammation, epileptic fts, skin disease, dysentery with bloody stools, dyspepsia, ulcer, and chronic ear pain, as well as an anthelmintic, astringent, and antidote to snake venom [1][2][3]. C. arborea has a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-infammation, analgesic, gastroprotective, antiasthmatic, antifertility, and antidiarrheal efects [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…C. arborea has a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-infammation, analgesic, gastroprotective, antiasthmatic, antifertility, and antidiarrheal efects [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Te pharmacognostical properties are mainly determined by the various natural compounds in C. arborea, such as triterpenoids, phenolics, favonoids, sterols, coumarin, saponins, and tannins [1,[15][16][17][18][19].…”

Qualitative HPTLC phytochemical profiling of Careya arborea Roxb. bark, leaves and seeds

“…1) has a long history of utilization for a variety of medicinal uses (Ambardar and Aeri 2013). It is traditionally used in treatment of sores, ear pain, snake bite, inflammation, piles, tumors, cough and cold, toothache, wounds, bronchitis, colic, intestinal worms, hemorrhoids, dyspepsia, dysentery, spermatorrhoea, leukoderma, epileptic fits, abscesses, ulcers and eruptive fevers particularly smallpox (Satish et al 2010;Khaliq 2016;Kirtikar and Basu 1980;Warrier 1993).…”