Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of ferulic acid-puerarin-astragaloside in combination with neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of FA-Pr-Al in combination were closely related its pharmacodynamics in treating ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the components of FA-Pr-Al may have a synergistic pharmacological effect. Astragaloside may play a more pronounced role in regulating IL-1βand NPY levels compared with puerarin or FA.

Pharmacokinetics of ferulic acid following oral administration ethyl ferulate alone and in combination with piperine in rats

“…The total body clearance of ferulic acid was observed to be 17.1 ± 1.59 L/h/kg, following oral administration (150 mg/kg) of ethyl ferulate in rats. In contrast to our observations, lower values of clearance were reported by Ge et al (2015) (0.0004 L/h/kg), Shin et al (2016) (3.27 ± 1.97 L/h/kg at 2 mg/kg and 2.17 ± 4.01 L/h/kg at 10 mg/kg) and Cheng et al (2012a), following oral administration of ferulic acid puerarin astragaloside combination (250 mg/kg), intravenous administration of ferulic acid in rats and oral administration of P. oleracea extract in rats, respectively. The MRT value calculated, following oral administration of ferulic acid in present study was 0.40 h. In accordance with present study, Shin et al (2016) also observed similar MRT values (0.067 h at 2 mg/kg and 0.10 h at 10 mg/kg), following intravenous administration of ferulic acid in rats.…”

“…The elimination half-life (t 1/2β ) of ferulic acid following oral administration of ethyl ferulate in the present study was 0.11 ± 0.01 h. In accordance to present study, Shin et al (2016) observed elimination half-life of 0.08 h at 2 mg/kg and 0.11 h at 10 mg/kg following intravenous administration of ferulic acid in rats and Cheng et al Mean apparent volume of distribution (Vd area ) of ferulic acid following oral administration of ethyl ferulate was 2.85 ± 0.57 L/kg in rats. It is in agreement with value of volume of distribution (12.4 L/kg) observed following oral administration of ferulic acid puerarin astragaloside combination in rats (Ge et al, 2015). Whereas, lower values of volume of distribution were reported by Cheng et al (Qi et al, 2007) and following oral administration of P. oleracea extract in rats, respectively (Cheng et al, 2012a).…”

“…(2012a) observed the elimination half-life of 0.35 h in rats following oral administration of Portulaca oleracea L. extract. However,Qi et al (2007) observed the higher value of elimination half-life (3.45 h), following oral administration of Ligusticum chuanxiong (Rhizoma chuanxiong) and Carthamus tinctorius (Carthami Flos) in rats andGe et al (2015) observed higher value of terminal half-life (5.55 h) after oral administration of ferulic acid puerarinastragaloside combination preparation in cerebral ischemic injury in rats.…”

Ferulic Acid Protects Hyperglycemia-Induced Kidney Damage by Regulating Oxidative Insult, Inflammation and Autophagy

“…The measurements were performed at room temperature. The data thus obtained was analyzed using the LCsolution Version 1.21 software (Ge et al, 2015; Sinha et al, 2015).…”

A systematic review of astragaloside IV effects on animal models of diabetes mellitus and its complications

“…They may exert synergistic effects when used in combination with other chemical drugs. For example, AS-IV and ligustrazine were previously found to antagonize ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model of acute cerebral ischemia [ 135 ]. A previous study found that the combined use of atorvastatin and AS-IV could more effectively reduce the inflammatory response in mice than either of the two agents [ 136 ].…”