Pharmacokinetic Aspects of Nanoparticle-in-Matrix Drug Delivery Systems for Oral/Buccal Delivery

Abstract

Oral route maintains its predominance among the ones used for drug delivery, especially when medicines are self-administered. If the dosage form is solid, therapy gains in dose precision and drug stability. Yet, some active pharmaceutical substances do not present the required solubility, permeability, or release profile for incorporation into traditional matrices. The combination of nanostructured drugs (nanoparticle [NP]) with these matrices is a new and little-explored alternative, which could bring several benefits. Therefore, this review focused on combined delivery systems based on nanostructures to administer drugs by the oral cavity, intended for buccal, sublingual, gastric, or intestinal absorption. We analyzed published NP-in-matrix systems and compared main formulation characteristics, pharmacokinetics, release profiles, and physicochemical stability improvements. The reported formulations are mainly semisolid or solid polymers, with polymeric or lipid NPs and one active pharmaceutical ingredient. Regarding drug specifics, most of them are poorly permeable or greatly metabolized. The few studies with pharmacokinetics showed increased drug bioavailability and, sometimes, a controlled release rate. From our knowledge, the gathered data make up the first focused review of these trendy systems, which we believe will help to gain scientific deepness and future advancements in the field.

Nanotized curcumin‐benzothiophene conjugate: A potential combination for treatment of cerebral malaria

“…The K el of the nanotized formulation was also increased by 4‐fold than that of the native compounds. Several studies have established the fact that administration of nanoparticles would improve drug absorption and systemic bioavailability 21,22 . Therefore, it might be possible that the process of nanotization exerts an activation effect on the absorption of cur‐compound 6 in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.…”

“…Several studies have established the fact that administration of nanoparticles would improve drug absorption and systemic bioavailability. 21,22 Therefore, it might be possible that the process of nanotization exerts an activation effect on the absorption of cur-compound 6 in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Moreover, the smaller size of our nanotized particles resulted in enhanced dispersibility of the formulation in aqueous medium owing to greater surface area and thereby imparting a significant effect on increased absorption of the compounds following oral administration.…”

Novel and revisited approaches in nanoparticle systems for buccal drug delivery

“…Gels and films are three-dimensional polymeric network cross-linked that can be tailored to display specific features. Several types of adhesive gels may be used to deliver drug-loaded nanoparticles [72]. Intelligent hydrogels with thermosensitive [73][74][75] and pH responsive properties [76] have been developed for buccal delivery of drugs.…”

Targeted Nanotherapeutics for Respiratory Diseases: Cancer, Fibrosis, and Coronavirus

“…[10,11] However, delivery of nucleic acids via nanocarrier based systems increased their stability and concentration at the target site. [12][13][14][15][16] Moreover, nanoscale drug delivery systems can be administered via different routes, such as intravenous, [17,18] oral, [19,20] and inhalation [15,16,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] routes. Furthermore, nanoscale delivery systems are less toxic and immunogenic than the traditional viral vector-based gene delivery systems.…”