Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of danofloxacin in swan geese (Anser cygnoides) following intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and oral administrations

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of danofloxacin in swan geese (Anser cygnoides) after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and oral (PO) administrations at 10 mg/kg dose. In this study, eight clinically healthy swan geese were used. The study was performed in four periods according to a crossover design with a 15 days washout period between two administrations. The plasma concentrations of danofloxacin were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatograph-ultraviolet detection, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis. Following IV administration, terminal elimination half-life (t 1/2ʎz ), total clearance, and volume of distribution at steady state were 6.03 h, 0.34 L/h/kg, and 2.71 L/h/kg, respectively. After IM, SC, and PO administration, t 1/2ʎz was longer than that after IV administration. The C max of danofloxacin following IM, SC, and PO administrations was 3.65, 2.76, and 1.98 μg/ mL at 0.63, 1, and 2 h, respectively. The bioavailability following IM, SC, and PO administrations was 87.99, 72.77, and 57.68%, respectively. This information may help in the use of danofloxacin in geese, yet the determination of optimal dosage regimen and pharmacodynamic studies are needed.

Pharmacokinetics of Danofloxacin in Gushi Chickens after Single Oral and Intravenous Administration

“…The bioavailability (F) of danofloxacin was found to be only 40.12% in the present study. This value is lower when compared to Chukar partridges (47.62%) [ 4 ], swan geese (57.68%) [ 30 ], Bilgorajska geese (57.95%) [ 11 ], Muscovy ducks (89.26%) [ 18 ], Lohmann broiler chickens (99.2%) [ 21 ], and Jing Hong hens (101.26%) [ 12 ]. The low bioavailability observed in Gushi chickens can be attributed to lifestyle and population differences.…”