Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of erythromycin in pigeons (Columba livia)

Abstract

Tissue and plasma concentrations were determined after intravenous and oral administration of erythromycin to pigeons to establish the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the drug. A short mean half-life of elimination of 0.9 h was found. The relative bioavailability after direct crop administration of erythromycin thiocyanate or erythromycin ethylsuccinate at a dosage rate of 100 mg/kg was less than 10%. At a drug concentration in drinking water of 1 g/l, erythromycin plasma levels were barely detectable, whilst lung and trachea concentrations reached a maximum of 1.6 micrograms/ml. Even after crop administration of 100-mg/kg erythromycin thiocyanate, low plasma levels were obtained, whilst lung and trachea concentrations were substantially higher. Prescribed drinking-water regimens seemed unable to yield therapeutic tissue concentrations. Only individual crop administration seemed an appropriate medication method. The use of erythromycin ethylsuccinate did not present any advantage in comparison with erythromycin thiocyanate.

Orally Administered Erythromycin in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ): Residues in Edible Tissues and Withdrawal Time

“…Pharmacokinetic studies with erythromycin in cow, guinea pig, horse, rat, foal, pigeon, and human have been carried out (6,12,16,20,22,36,37). With regard to aquatic species treated with erythromycin orally, Moffit et al (26) followed the accumulation and depletion of erythromycin thiocyanate in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and found that the drug was not detectable in the fish muscle 10 days after the last erythromycin feeding (using the same dosage as in our study, i.e., 100 mg kg Ϫ1 trout body weight day Ϫ1 for 21 days).…”

The Bio-Film- Its Implications in the Technological Of Producing Drinking Water and Its Reduction

“…Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common "pioneer" used in the research about the bio-films [1]. It was found that Pseudomonas cells adhere to stainless steel walls after 30 seconds of exposure [2].…”