Pharmacokinetics and Penetration into Tissue Fluid of Cefotaxime in Bovines

Abstract

Concentrations of cefotaxime in serum and tissue fluid were studied in the bovine after intravenous and intramuscular administration at a dosage of 10 mg • kg^-1 body weight. Steers implanted subcutaneously with tissue cages were used. After intravenous bolus administration, profiles of mean concentrations in serum over time were described by a two-compartment open model. The rate constant of elimination was 1.4 ± 0.3 h^-1 and the half-life 0.6 ± 0.1 h. The rate constant of distribution was 11.5 ± 1.9 h^-1, and the half-life was 0.06 ± 0.01 h. The volume of distribution at steady state was 250.6 ± 37.3 ml • kg^-1. The area under the curve was 31.8 ± 7.4 μg • ml^-1 • h. The penetration ratio into tissue fluid was 36.5 ± 15.4%. After intramuscular injection, the half-life was 1.1 ± 0.3 h, the area under the curve was 27.5 ± 6.8 μg • ml^-1 • h, and the penetration ratio into tissue fluid was 47.1 ± 15.8%. The concentrations in tissue fluid after intravenous and intramuscular administration of cefotaxime were elevated during a 6-hour period after administration.

Rate of decline of cefotaxime and ceftazidime in milk following intramammary administration to healthy and mastitic dairy cows

“…CEFOTAXIME and ceftazidime are third‐generation cephalosporins that are stable to β‐lactamases and have a wide antibacterial spectrum and low toxicity (O'Callaghan and others 1980, Jones and others 1981, Preston 1982, Balant and others 1985, Caprile 1988, Soback and Ziv 1989). The pharmacokinetics of parenterally administered cefotaxime and ceftazidime have been studied in human beings (Harding and others 1981, Luthy and others 1981, Wise and others 1981, Bergan and others 1982, Saito 1983) and in animals (Guerrini and others 1985, 1986, Soback and Ziv 1989, Atef and others 1990, Rule and others 1991, 1994, 1996). Both antibiotics have good penetrative capacity and a prolonged persistence in body fluids (Kafetzis and others 1980, Bergan and others 1982, Blanco and others 1983, Rule and others 1991, 1994, 1996), but little is known of their kinetics and residues in the milk of healthy and mastitic lactating cows after intramammary administration.…”

“…The pharmacokinetics of parenterally administered cefotaxime and ceftazidime have been studied in human beings (Harding and others 1981, Luthy and others 1981, Wise and others 1981, Bergan and others 1982, Saito 1983) and in animals (Guerrini and others 1985, 1986, Soback and Ziv 1989, Atef and others 1990, Rule and others 1991, 1994, 1996). Both antibiotics have good penetrative capacity and a prolonged persistence in body fluids (Kafetzis and others 1980, Bergan and others 1982, Blanco and others 1983, Rule and others 1991, 1994, 1996), but little is known of their kinetics and residues in the milk of healthy and mastitic lactating cows after intramammary administration. It is known that the administration of antibiotics to milking cows may result in the presence of residues in the milk; this may endanger the health of consumers and have detrimental effects on fermentation processes in the dairy industry (Hamann and others 1979).…”

Efficacy of trimethoprim‐sulfadoxine against Escherichia coli in a tissue cage model in calves

“…Subcutaneously implanted tissue cages have been used for studies on pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials in deep peripheral compartments in species of direct veterinary interest (Waterman & Kastan, 1972; Bergan & Versland, 1978; Madsen et al ., 1978; Piercy, 1978; Cadorniga et al ., 1979; Stanton et al ., 1982; Ziv et al ., 1982; Bengtsson et al ., 1986; Short et al ., 1987; Clarke et al ., 1989a; Walker et al ., 1989; Rule et al ., 1991, 1994; Halstead et al ., 1992; McDevitt et al ., 1992; Ensink et al ., 1996b; McKellar et al ., 1999; Aliabadi & Lees, 2001).…”